#18th century

• Ana Ivanovna — Empress of Russia (1730–1740) from the Romanov dynasty, niece of Peter the Great; her reign was marked by a massive influence of German advisors (a period historically known as 'Bironovshchina') and a severe autocratic regime. She continued the territorial expansion of the empire and administrative modernization, though she remained known for the eccentricities and cruelty of her court.
• Anne Stuart — Queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland (1702–1714), who became the first monarch of Great Britain after the signing of the Act of Union in 1707; she was the last sovereign of the House of Stuart. Her reign was marked by the War of the Spanish Succession, the rise of the two-party political system (Whigs and Tories), and a remarkable economic and cultural flowering known as the Augustan age.
• Aufklärung — A German term designating the Age of Enlightenment, an ideological, philosophical, and cultural movement of the 18th century characterized by absolute trust in human reason. In a strict philosophical context, it refers to the German Enlightenment, prominently represented by Immanuel Kant.
• Augustan — Relating to the peak cultural and literary period during the reign of Roman Emperor Augustus (the Golden Age of Latin literature). By extension, the term describes the Augustan Age of English literature in the early 18th century, characterized by classicism, refinement, and structural harmony.
• Axinte Uricariul — A prominent historical figure from Moldavia in the first half of the 18th century, chancellor, charter copyist, and renowned chronicler. He remained deeply known in Romanian culture for his laborious activity of collecting, transcribing, and completing old administrative documents (deeds/urice), while also continuing the historical writings of Nicolae Costin and providing unique, refined details about the reigns of the Brâncovenesc and Phanariote eras.