#Ancient Egypt

• Abu Simbel — A monumental archaeological complex located in Nubia, southern Egypt, consisting of two massive rock-cut temples carved during the reign of Pharaoh Ramesses II. Intended to celebrate the victory at Kadesh and to deify the royal couple, the complex is famous both for the four colossal statues of the pharaoh at the entrance and for a world-scale engineering operation in the 1960s, when it was entirely dismantled and relocated to save it from flooding caused by the construction of the Aswan High Dam.
• Abydos — One of the oldest and most significant cities of ancient Egypt, situated upstream from Thebes, famous as the primary religious center of the cult of Osiris. The archaeological site houses early royal necropolises, invaluable funerary monuments, the underground Osireion complex, and the famous cenotaph temple of Pharaoh Seti I, on whose walls lies the 'King List', an essential chronology of Egyptian dynasties. (Note: The term also designates an ancient Greek colony located on the Asiatic side of the Hellespont).
• Amenemhat — The name borne by four Egyptian pharaohs of the Twelfth Dynasty during the Middle Kingdom, a golden age of ancient Egyptian culture and stability. The name originates from the ancient Egyptian language and translates to 'Amun is at the forefront' or 'Amun is foremost', reflecting the rise of the Theban god Amun to the status of supreme state deity.
• Amenhotep — The name borne by four Egyptian pharaohs of the Eighteenth Dynasty during the New Kingdom period, marked by maximum imperial expansion. The name means 'Amun is pleased' or 'Amun is at peace' in the ancient Egyptian language, illustrating the close tie between Egyptian royalty and the powerful priesthood of the Karnak temple.
• Anubis — A major deity in the ancient Egyptian pantheon, guide of souls in the afterlife (psychopomp), protector of graves, and patron of embalming; iconographically represented as a man with the head of a black jackal or as a full jackal, he held the crucial role of weighing the hearts of the dead during the judgment of Osiris.
• Arsinoe — A proper name of ancient Greek origin, historically borne by several famous queens and princesses of the Ptolemaic dynasty of ancient Egypt, notably Arsinoe II and Arsinoe IV (the sister of Cleopatra). In geography, the name designated various ancient cities in the Mediterranean basin renamed in honor of these sovereigns, while in modern science, the term identifies asteroid 404 Arsinoe from the main belt and a genus of fossil mammals from the Embrithopoda order (Arsinoitherium).