#Aristotle

• Plato is my friend, but truth is a better friend — A philosophical aphorism of ancient origin, attributed in various forms to Plato and Aristotle, literally translated as 'Plato is my friend, but truth is a better friend'. The phrase defines the deontological and moral imperative of valuing objective truth above any personal friendship, attachment, academic authority, or loyalty to a mentor.
• Arete — A fundamental concept in ancient Greek philosophy denoting supreme virtue, structural excellence, and the fulfillment of the ultimate potential of an entity or human being. In an extended sense, it represents the moral strength, dignity, and inner harmony acquired through knowledge and discipline, directly linked to fulfilling the ideal existential purpose within the polis.
• Aristotle — Aristotle of Stagira (384–322 BCE), one of the most significant philosophers and scientists of Ancient Greece, a disciple of Plato and tutor to Alexander the Great. Founder of the Lyceum and the Peripatetic school, his encyclopedic body of work laid the foundations for formal logic, ethics, politics, metaphysics, rhetoric, and biology, exerting a massive influence on medieval Christian, Islamic thought, and the entirety of Western culture.
• Aristotle — An onomastic variant or regional/archaic linguistic form used to denote Aristotle, one of the greatest philosophers of Ancient Greece, a disciple of Plato and mentor to Alexander the Great. A systemic thinker, he founded the Lyceum in Athens and laid the formal foundations of logic, metaphysics, ethics, politics, and biology, with his structural work deeply influencing Western and medieval Islamic culture.
• Aristotelian — Belonging to the Greek philosopher Aristotle or to his philosophy, relating to Aristotelianism; a follower of the Aristotelian philosophical doctrine. In a cultural and academic sense, the term describes a rigorous method of thought, based on formal logic, empirical observation of reality, systematic classification, and the use of fundamental concepts such as act and potency, matter and form, or the four causes.
• Aristotelianism — A philosophical movement grounded in the works and doctrines of Aristotle, characterized by rigorous rationalism, the use of formal logic as an analytical tool, and the adoption of an empirical perspective on concrete reality. This conceptual system dominated medieval scholastic thought through Arabic and Christian commentaries, defining the European university structure and shaping the evolution of metaphysics, ethics, and natural sciences for centuries.
• Aristotelianize — To interpret, structure, or transform a doctrine, idea, or theological system in accordance with the logical, metaphysical, or empirical principles of Aristotle; to adopt an Aristotelian style of thought. In a historical context, the term describes the action of medieval scholars introducing peripatetic terminology (matter, form, substance) into traditional religious dogmas.
• Aristotelianization — The act of aristotelizing and its result; a historical, cultural, or philosophical process through which a doctrine, a system of thought, or an entire academic era is adapted, interpreted, or structured according to the principles, logic, and methodology of Aristotle. The term refers specifically to the phenomenon in medieval scholasticism when Christian or Islamic theology was reconfigured to become compatible with Stagirite rationalism.
• Assos — An ancient Greek city situated in the historical region of Troad (currently located in the village of Behramkale, Çanakkale Province, Turkey) on the Aegean coast; philosophically renowned as the place where Aristotle lived, taught, and led a school of philosophy for three years (between 347 and 344 BC), the site currently houses remarkable archaeological remnants, including the Doric temple of Athena and spectacular ancient fortified walls.