#Immanuel Kant

• Amphiboly — A syntactic or semantic ambiguity of a sentence or statement that allows for two or more completely different logical interpretations, often due to faulty word order or lack of structural punctuation. In Kantian philosophy, the term describes an error of judgment by which a concept of pure reflection is confused with an object of empirical sensory experience.
• A priori — A philosophical and logical term borrowed from Latin (a priori), used to denote knowledge, judgment, or reasoning that is independent of any prior sensory experience, based exclusively on pure reason; also, in everyday language, it describes a conviction formulated dogmatically, beforehand, without prior verification of concrete facts or reality.
• Apriorism — A philosophical doctrine or epistemological orientation (specifically prominent in German idealism and Cartesianism) which asserts that the foundational elements of human knowledge are innate or independent of sensory experience, being structured exclusively by pure reason prior to any empirical research.
• Apriorist — A person who adheres to the principles of apriorism or who claims that the foundational elements of knowledge are independent of sensory experience. As an adjective, it describes a philosophical system, reasoning, or intellectual attitude based exclusively on preset mental frameworks and purely deductive speculations, lacking empirical grounding.
• Apriority — The quality, trait, or state of being a priori; the absolute independence of mental frameworks, concepts, or logical categories from any form of sensory or empirical experience. In classical gnoseology, it defines the logical and structural priority of pure reason in organizing knowledge.
• Assertoric — Asserting or denying something as a real, certain, and axiomatic fact; relating to a value judgment or a proposition that simply states an existing state of affairs, without presenting it as necessary or purely axiomatic (as opposed to apodictic or problematic). In a structural sense, it describes the logical modality through which the truth of an utterance is linked strictly to observable empirical reality.