#abstention

• Abstentionism — A civic or political attitude manifested by the deliberate refusal to participate in public life, particularly in elections, ballots, or referendums. It can be caused by indifference, a conscious protest against the political system, or a lack of trust in the candidates.
• Abstainer — A person (male) who practices abstentionism, deliberately refusing to participate in public activities, especially in voting or electoral consultations; (as an adjective) relating to abstentionism, expressing an attitude of conscious non-participation or passive neutrality during an election.
• Female abstainer — A person (female) who practices abstentionism, choosing not to participate in voting or public political life; (as an adjective) feminine form for manifestations, attitudes, or groups that promote electoral non-participation.
• Abstention — The conscious and voluntary act of refraining from an action or from exercising a legal or political right; deliberate omission driven by conscience, prudence, or strategy. In procedural law, it denotes the obligation of a judge or official to recant themselves from presiding over a case involving a conflict of interest or bias.
• Abstention — The act of refraining and its result; the voluntary refusal to perform an act, consume a substance, or express a political or legal choice. In constitutional and administrative law, it denotes the formal option of a member within a deliberative body to vote neither in favor of nor against a proposal, often acting as a strategic tool or an ethical obligation in case of a conflict of interest.