#apnea

• Adenotonsillectomy — A complex surgical operation through which both the pharyngeal tonsil (adenoids) and the palatine tonsils are simultaneously and structurally removed. This combined intervention is widely used in current medical practice to treat severe forms of obstructive sleep-disordered breathing in children, as well as in cases of chronic recurrent infections affecting the entire lymphatic ring of the throat.
• Tonsillotomy — A surgical procedure consisting of the incision or partial resection (volume reduction) of the palatine tonsils, structurally distinct from a tonsillectomy, which involves total removal. It is clinically indicated especially in children for the treatment of severe tonsillar hypertrophy causing upper airway obstruction and sleep apnea, preserving a portion of the lymphoid tissue for immune function.
• Apnea — A temporary, voluntary or involuntary, cessation of breathing, characterized by the transient suspension of airflow to the lungs. This structural phenomenon can occur physiologically during diving or pathologically during sleep, leading to drops in blood oxygen levels and fragmentation of nightly rest.