#arbitration

• Adjudicator — A neutral and independent person, with technical or legal expertise, appointed by the parties of a contract or by an authority to quickly resolve a dispute arising during contractual execution. Unlike a judge or commercial arbitrator, their decision has an immediate but temporary enforceable character, meant to prevent project deadlock.
• Aequo — A term derived from Latin, frequently used in the legal and philosophical phrase 'ex aequo et bono' (according to equity and goodness), designating the settlement of an international or civil dispute based on principles of absolute justice, moral sense, and good faith, looking beyond the rigid letter of written law. Its root also indicates a state of full structural equality.
• Arbitration — Secondary, neologistic, or legal form of the term 'arbitraj'; an alternative dispute resolution method conducted by an impartial third party designated by the participants or a court. In finance, it represents the operation of simultaneously buying and selling the same asset in different markets to profit from price imbalances.
• Refereeing — The act of arbitrating and its result; the officiating of a sports competition by enforcing the rules or the settlement of a commercial or political dispute by an impartial non-state tribunal. It represented a formal process whereby parties chose to avoid ordinary courts.