#architectural ornament

• Alem — A traditional decorative element or metallic emblem, often in the shape of a crescent moon, globe, or spearhead, structurally mounted on top of flagpoles, military banners, or the domes and minarets of mosques in the Ottoman Empire. In historical Romanian documents, the term also referred to valuable ornaments received by rulers as a sign of investiture or recognition of authority by the Sublime Porte.
• Alems — The plural form of the neuter noun alem; ornamental metal finials, flagpole toppers, or traditional decorations shaped like crescents, spears, or spheres, historically mounted atop military banners or the domes of religious buildings in the Ottoman Empire. Structurally, these pieces held a major symbolic and heraldic role in defining religious or martial authority.
• Arabesques — The plural form of the noun 'arabesc'; it represents a succession or an assembly of complex ornaments, consisting of intertwined lines, sinuous curves, floral or geometric motifs found in Islamic art, or the figures and successive movements executed by ballet dancers according to classical choreographies.