#cardiac surgery

• Annuloplasty — A high-precision surgical intervention performed on the heart, consisting of repairing, remodeling, or narrowing the fibrous ring (annulus) of a human cardiac valve (most commonly the mitral or tricuspid valve) through the insertion of a synthetic artificial ring, aimed at correcting blood regurgitation and restoring normal hemodynamic function.
• Atriocommissuropexy — A complex and rare surgical procedure consisting of the operative fixation of a cardiac valvular commissure to the atrial wall, utilized for the structural correction of congenital malformations or severe valvular insufficiencies. This technical reconstruction method aims to restore normal blood flow dynamics and prevent parasitic intracardiac regurgitation.
• Atriotomy — A surgical incision made into the muscular wall of a cardiac atrium, performed to allow direct access inside the upper chambers of the heart for treating valvular or septal disorders, or for removing thrombi. This highly precise structural section requires, in most cases, the use of a cardiopulmonary bypass machine.