#chromosome doubling
- Allopolyploid — An organism, cell, or individual possessing more than two complete sets of chromosomes (being polyploid), resulting from the hybridization between two or more distinct species, followed by chromosome doubling. This hybrid structural phenomenon combines non-homologous genomes, being extremely widespread in the plant kingdom (for instance, in wheat or cotton), where it ensures enhanced vigor and restored fertility.
- Amphidiploid — A polyploid organism or cell formed through the hybridization of two different species, followed by the doubling of the chromosome set, thus containing the complete diploid sets of both parental species. As an adjective, it describes a genetically stabilized genome, plant, or agricultural crop (such as triticale) capable of normal fertile reproduction because each chromosome finds its homologue during meiosis.
- Amphidiploidy — A genetic state or a particular type of polyploidy (allopolyploidy) characterized by the presence of a complete diploid set of chromosomes derived from two different parental species following hybridization and subsequent chromosome doubling. This structural phenomenon guarantees the fertility of the hybrid, allowing normal pairing of homologous chromosomes during meiosis, and is widely used in plant genetic engineering to create new plant varieties.