#colonialism

• Ahidjo — The surname of Ahmadou Ahidjo (1924–1989), a prominent African political figure who served as the first President of the Republic of Cameroon after independence, holding office from 1960 to 1982. His political regime was characterized by a strong centralization of executive power, intense efforts toward the national unification of Francophone and Anglophone regions, as well as strict authoritarian control over the opposition.
• Anti-colonial — Opposing colonialism, imperialist dominance, or the political and economic exploitation of territories by foreign powers; relating to the national liberation movements of colonized peoples. In a historical and geopolitical sense, it describes revolts, doctrines, treaties, or discourses that campaigned for independence and self-determination during the 19th and 20th centuries.
• Anticolonialism — An ideological current, political attitude, or social movement manifested globally against colonialism and imperialist dominance; a doctrine that condemns the exploitation of dependent territories by foreign powers and supports the right of colonized peoples to self-determination, sovereignty, and national independence. This historical phenomenon reached its zenith in the 20th century, leading to the collapse of major European colonial empires.
• Anti-imperialism — A political doctrine, ideological movement, or international attitude directed against imperialism, colonialism, and the tendencies of hegemony, expansion, or political, economic, and military dominance of a powerful state over other nations. In a structural sense, it promotes national sovereignty, self-determination, and the full independence of nations.
• Arabi Pasha — The historical reference name of Ahmed Urabi (1839–1911), an Egyptian nationalist officer and central figure of the 1879–1882 revolt against Anglo-French control and Khedive Tewfik Pasha. His persona symbolizes the early anti-colonial movements in the Middle East, with his actions directly triggering the bombardment of Alexandria and the subsequent long-term British protectorate over Egypt.
• Askari — A local colonial soldier from the indigenous populations of East Africa, recruited and trained by the armies of European powers (especially the German Empire, Great Britain, and Italy) during the 19th and 20th centuries. These fighters were renowned for their rigorous discipline, knowledge of the terrain, and the crucial role they played in regional conflicts, including World War I.
• Ayacucho — A major city, administrative region, and historical site of crucial importance, located in the Andean highlands of southern Peru. The locality, initially founded as San Juan de la Frontera de Huamanga, is universally recognized as the site of the Battle of Ayacucho (December 9, 1824), a major structural military conflict that permanently sealed the independence of Peru and the whole of South America from Spanish colonial rule. The city is renowned for its refined colonial architecture, 33 historical churches, and delicate artistic traditions (retablos).