#democracy

• Agora — The central public space and marketplace in ancient Greek city-states (poleis), serving as the hub of political, commercial, administrative, and religious life. In modern sociology and political science, it is used metaphorically to denote the open public sphere or forum for democratic debate.
• Andreotti — A surname of Italian origin, globally famous due to the remarkable figure of Giulio Andreotti, a prominent statesman, multiple-time Prime Minister of Italy, and a key figure of Christian Democracy in the second half of the 20th century. In a structural and historical context, the name is associated with an entire European diplomatic era and Cold War geopolitics.
• Anti-democracy — A state, organizational system, political regime, or social climate that represents the opposite of democracy; the total absence of democratic liberties, human rights, and political pluralism. In a conceptual sense, the term describes a structural reality governed by dictatorship, censorship, repression, and absolute control by a single non-elected authority.
• Antifascism — An ideological current, political movement, or civic stance grounded in radical opposition to fascism, nazism, and any form of far-right totalitarianism. It manifests through the defense of democratic values, pluralism, and fundamental liberties, with a history marked by 20th-century resistance movements and modern efforts to combat hate speech.
• Antiparliamentary — Opposing the parliamentary system, the institution of parliament, or the principles of representative democracy; criticizing, contesting, or undermining the authority and legitimacy of the legislative body. In a historical and doctrinal sense, it describes radical political speeches, attitudes, or movements that promote the centralization of power in the hands of a supreme leader or an authoritarian executive body, to the detriment of parliamentary debate.
• Antiparliamentarism — A doctrine, attitude, or ideological current that condemns and rejects parliamentarism as a form of political organization and state governance. This structural phenomenon is based on the idea that parliaments are inefficient, corrupt, or incapable of solving national crises, instead promoting corporatist, technocratic, or autocratic systems where decision-making is concentrated at the executive level.
• Anti-totalitarian — Opposing totalitarianism, dictatorship, autocratic political regimes, or any form of absolute and oppressive exercise of state power. It applies to social movements, ideological manifestos, dissidents, or literary and philosophical works that defend civil liberties, pluralistic democracy, and fundamental human rights against the total control exerted by a single party or a dictator.
• Anti-totalitarian — A person who opposes totalitarianism and dictatorships, actively or theoretically advocating for democracy, individual freedom, and human rights; as an adjective, it describes the profile, discourse, or actions of an individual engaged in combating oppressive state structures and totalitarian ideologies.
• Apoliticism — A social-political conception, attitude, or doctrine based on total neutrality, indifference, or a conscious refusal to participate in political life, partisan activities, or electoral struggles; ideological absenteeism. In modern sociology, the phenomenon is analyzed either as a form of passive protest against the governing class or as a mechanism for preserving institutional or artistic independence.
• Appenzell Ausserrhoden — A canton of half-canton status located in northeastern Switzerland, historically formed in 1597 following the religious split of the old Appenzell canton, becoming the predominantly Protestant component. Its administrative center is located in Herisau, and its territory is renowned for pre-alpine hilly terrain, traditional textile industries, and direct democracy historically practiced via open-air voting.
• Appenzell Innerrhoden — A canton of half-canton status located in northeastern Switzerland, historically formed in 1597 following the religious split of the old Appenzell territory, representing the traditionally Roman Catholic community. With its administrative capital in the town of Appenzell, it is the smallest Swiss canton by population and is globally renowned for its rigorous preservation of direct democracy through the annual open-air popular assembly.
• Athens — The capital of Greece, one of the world's oldest and most influential cities, recognized as the cradle of Western civilization and democracy. In a mythological and cultural sense, the name directly evokes the patronage of the goddess Athena (goddess of wisdom) and refers to the wealth of ancient monuments, such as the Acropolis, representing the universal symbol of reason, philosophy, and classical arts.
• Athenian — A person born or living in Athens, the capital of Greece; as an adjective, it describes everything pertaining to this city, its population, its history, or its glorious ancient culture. In cultural terms, the word evokes the ideal balance between mind and body, classical democracy, Platonic philosophy, and the artistic refinement specific to the Attica region.
• Austro-Marxist — Belonging to Austromarxism or specific to this politico-ideological current from the late 19th and early 20th centuries in Austria; a doctrine that attempted to reconcile orthodox Marxism with democratic reformism, making major contributions to the analysis of nationalism and cultural autonomy. As a noun, it denotes a woman who adheres to the theoretical and tactical principles of this Austrian social-democratic movement.
• Self-management — A system of organization and management of an enterprise, institution, or community, based on the direct participation of collective members in decision-making, resource administration, and income distribution, eliminating external hierarchical management. Historically and doctrinally, it represents a pillar of industrial and economic democracy, offering full autonomy to worker collectives.