#diploidy
- Amphidiploidy — A genetic state or a particular type of polyploidy (allopolyploidy) characterized by the presence of a complete diploid set of chromosomes derived from two different parental species following hybridization and subsequent chromosome doubling. This structural phenomenon guarantees the fertility of the hybrid, allowing normal pairing of homologous chromosomes during meiosis, and is widely used in plant genetic engineering to create new plant varieties.
- Automictic parthenogenesis — A form of parthenogenesis (virgin reproduction) in which an egg cell develops without being fertilized by a sperm cell, but diploidy (the full chromosome count) is spontaneously restored through an internal meiotic or mitotic mechanism, such as the fusion of the egg with its own polar body or nuclear chromosome duplication. This endogenous structural process ensures the complete transmission of maternal genetic material, generating offspring that are genetically partial or total clones of the mother.