#environmental ecology
- Anthropic — Pertaining to human activity, belonging to mankind, or caused, modified, and created by human presence and actions on the surrounding environment. In modern ecology, the term describes profound transformations of natural ecosystems under the influence of industrialization, urbanization, and resource exploitation by human society.
- Anthropogenic — Produced, generated, caused, or directly modified by the presence and economic or industrial activities of man. In geology and environmental sciences, the term is widely used to describe factors, pollutants, artificial topography, or current climate changes that do not have a natural origin, but are the direct result of human civilization's footprint.