#gastritis
- Achlorhydria — The complete pathological absence of free hydrochloric acid from the gastric juice secretion, even after maximal stimulation with specific substances; it represents an advanced form of structural anacidity caused by the destruction of parietal cells in the stomach mucosa. This clinical condition is closely linked to severe chronic atrophic gastritis, pernicious anemia, and can increase the risk of gastric neoplasms due to the drastic alteration of the local pH.
- Antinoacid — A chemical substance, pharmaceutical preparation, or biological compound capable of reducing, neutralizing, or inhibiting the excessive secretion of hydrochloric acid in gastric juice; a therapeutic agent used to alleviate symptoms of hyperacidity, heartburn, and esophageal discomfort associated with gastritis or gastroesophageal reflux disease.
- Antral — Pertaining to an antrum or relating to a closed anatomical cavity; most frequently, the term describes the lower region of the stomach (pyloric antrum) or the maxillary sinus (antrum of Highmore). In gastroenterology, it defines structures or pathological processes located strictly within the distal gastric portion preceding the pyloric canal.
- Antropyloritis — An acute or chronic inflammatory condition of the gastric mucosa, localized simultaneously within the gastric antrum and the pylorus. This specific form of distal gastritis is frequently triggered by chronic Helicobacter pylori infection or alkaline bile reflux, causing symptoms such as postprandial epigastric pain, nausea, bloating, and disruptions in normal gastric emptying.
- Atrophic — Pertaining to atrophy, relating to atrophy, or exhibiting its characteristics; causing a structural and functional diminution of tissues. It is used in clinical terminology to define specific types of inflammatory, degenerative, or dermatological conditions characterized by marked thinning of membranes or organs.