#liturgical modes

• Apechema — A stereotypical, short melodic formula or vocal intonation used in Byzantine psaltic music before the actual chant begins to establish and indicate the mode (echos), the starting pitch, and the modal character of the piece. This introductory melodic path serves as a fixed tonal reference for the performers, ensuring liturgical performance stability.
• Apehema — A graphic and phonetic variant of the term 'apechema'; a short melodic formula performed by the cantor before starting a church hymn to indicate the modal structure and pitch of the mode. This simplified form often appears in church music textbooks printed in the early 20th century.