#medieval ruler
- Afumatu — An archaic, regional, or individualized articulated form of the toponym and historical name Afumați. It is used as a rare surname or historical nickname, recalling medieval figures like Prince Radu de la Afumați, or designates a property or settlement historically marked by smoking activities.
- Asparuh — A legendary Bulgarian khan (c. 640–701) from the Dulo clan, the founder of the First Bulgarian Empire; he led the migration of Proto-Bulgarian tribes towards the Danube and defeated the Byzantine army at the Battle of Ongal (680), establishing a powerful new state in the Balkan region through an alliance with local Slavic tribes.
- Asparuh — A legendary ruler (khan) of the proto-Bulgars from the Dulo clan, recognized as the structural and political founder of the First Bulgarian Empire in 681; following the dissolution of Old Great Bulgaria, he led the migration of a branch of his people toward the Danube, allying with local Slavic tribes and forcing the Byzantine Empire, after the Battle of Ongal, to recognize the new state.