#modern history

• Anti-Ceaușescu — A person, militant, or opponent fighting against the dictatorial regime, cult of personality, or policies promoted by Nicolae Ceaușescu. As an adjective, it describes manifestations, ideas, writings, pamphlets, or resistance movements specific to this political opposition during the communist era.
• Anti-Ceaușescu woman — A woman, militant, or political opponent who stood out through her open or clandestine struggle and dissidence against the dictatorship of Nicolae Ceaușescu. As an adjective, it describes a female mentality, protest action, literary work, or civic stance focused on exposing the abuses, the cult of personality, and the oppression specific to the communist totalitarian regime in Romania during the '70s and '80s.
• Anticolonialism — An ideological current, political attitude, or social movement manifested globally against colonialism and imperialist dominance; a doctrine that condemns the exploitation of dependent territories by foreign powers and supports the right of colonized peoples to self-determination, sovereignty, and national independence. This historical phenomenon reached its zenith in the 20th century, leading to the collapse of major European colonial empires.
• Anticommunism — An ideological current, political attitude, or social movement opposing communism, Marxism-Leninism, left-wing totalitarian regimes, and state-planned economies. This global historical phenomenon brought together civic movements, democratic parties, underground armed resistances (such as the one in the Romanian mountains), and international security alliances during the Cold War, advocating for democracy, individual freedom, and private property.
• Anti-communist woman — A woman, female dissident, or activist who stood out through her open or clandestine opposition or struggle against communist totalitarianism. As an adjective, it represents the feminine form of 'anticomunist', describing a movement, organization, law, revolt, or feminine cultural creation directed against the socialist order.
• Anti-totalitarian — Opposing totalitarianism, dictatorship, autocratic political regimes, or any form of absolute and oppressive exercise of state power. It applies to social movements, ideological manifestos, dissidents, or literary and philosophical works that defend civil liberties, pluralistic democracy, and fundamental human rights against the total control exerted by a single party or a dictator.
• Manuel Azaña y Díaz — The full name of Manuel Azaña y Díaz (1880-1940), one of the most influential and dramatic political figures of 20th-century Spain, writer, journalist, and President of the Second Spanish Republic during the Civil War. He attempted to structurally reform state institutions, the military, and the educational system by promoting advanced secular measures. His refined oratorical style and critical essays reflect a profound vision for cultural modernization, making him a benchmark figure in contemporary Spanish historiography.
• Charles de Gaulle — A French general, statesman, and writer who led the Free French Forces during World War II, acted as the architect of the Fifth Republic, and served as President of France from 1959 to 1969, highly recognized for redefining his country's geopolitical status and sovereignty on the global stage.
• Mahatma Gandhi — An Indian spiritual and political leader, the father of independent India, globally renowned for his revolutionary use of non-violent resistance (satyagraha) and peaceful civil disobedience as fundamental weapons against British colonial rule.
• Margaret Thatcher — A British statesman and leader of the Conservative Party who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990, being the first woman in history to hold the office and the longest-serving British premier of the 20th century, highly renowned for her harsh economic reforms, privatizations, and firm leadership style.