#molecular formula

• Alkane — A generic name given to saturated acyclic hydrocarbons with linear or branched chains, containing exclusively single sigma bonds between carbon atoms and having the general molecular formula CnH2n+2. Alkanes (historically termed paraffins) exhibit relatively low chemical reactivity at room temperature and constitute the primary component of natural gas and petroleum (e.g., methane, ethane, propane, butane).
• Alkene — A generic name given to unsaturated acyclic hydrocarbons with linear or branched chains, containing a single covalent carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) and having the general molecular formula CnH2n. Alkenes (historically termed olefins) exhibit a much higher chemical reactivity than alkanes, being capable of participating in addition, polymerization, and oxidation reactions (e.g., ethene, propene, alkene isomers).
• Alkyl — A generic name given to monovalent, saturated, acyclic hydrocarbon radicals, theoretically obtained by removing a hydrogen atom from an alkane. They possess the general molecular formula CnH2n+1 and are structurally named by replacing the suffix '-ane' of the corresponding alkane with the suffix '-yl' (e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl), serving as fundamental components in organic compound synthesis.
• Alkyne — A generic name given to unsaturated acyclic hydrocarbons with linear or branched chains, containing a single covalent carbon-carbon triple bond (-C≡C-) and having the general molecular formula CnH2n-2. Alkynes (historically termed acetylenes) are compounds with very high chemical reactivity, easily participating in addition and polymerization reactions, with major industrial applications as raw materials in organic synthesis.
• Amarine — A toxic organic substance, alkaloid, or complex heterocyclic compound historically extracted from bitter fruit kernels or synthesized from hydrobenzamide, characterized by an extremely bitter taste and crystalline structure.