#neurological disorder

• Allocheiria — A rare neurological disorder of sensory perception in which a tactile stimulus applied to one side of the body (usually a limb) is erroneously felt or localized by the patient at the symmetrical point on the opposite side. This structural phenomenon occurs most frequently following lesions of the right parietal lobe or in cases of hemispatial neglect syndrome, reflecting a dysfunction in brain somatic map processing.
• Amyotrophy — Atrophy or progressive decrease in the volume of muscle mass, caused by a nutritional disorder of the muscles or the loss of normal motor innervation. This pathological structural condition causes severe weakness of the skeletal muscles and is frequently associated with lesions of the spinal cord or peripheral nerves.
• Amnesia — The total or partial loss of memory, caused by organic factors (head trauma, stroke, neurodegenerative diseases) or psychogenic factors (severe emotional shocks, psychological trauma). Structurally, the condition is classified into anterograde amnesia (inability to form new memories) and retrograde amnesia (inability to recall events prior to the onset of the disease), affecting the patient's quality of life and autonomy.
• Anodynia — Complete absence of pain or the congenital or acquired inability to feel physical suffering in the presence of an obvious harmful stimulus; absolute analgesia. This rare neurological condition is caused by peripheral receptor dysfunctions, lesions of the spinothalamic tracts, or structural anomalies in the higher nervous centers, exposing the patient to major risks of involuntary self-injury.
• Aprosodia — A neurological disorder manifested by an individual's pathological inability to understand or produce the prosodic elements of spoken language, such as intonation, rhythm, accent, and emotional vocal inflections. This structural phenomenon is caused by lesions located in the non-dominant cerebral hemisphere (usually the right one), with patients speaking in a monotone, flat manner, devoid of affective nuances.
• Facial affect agnosia — A very rare form or terminological alteration in neuropsychology used as a variant for aprosodia or affective facial agnosia; the pathological inability to recognize and interpret emotional nuances, facial expressions, or mimicry of interlocutors, usually caused by structural dysfunctions in the right cerebral hemisphere.
• Asyntaxia — A rare language disorder, often of neurological origin, consisting of a person's structural inability to arrange words in sentences according to syntactic rules, resulting in a fragmented speech, devoid of grammatical coherence or reduced to a telegraphic style. This clinical precision phenomenon is encountered in certain forms of aphasia, preventing fluid expression although isolated vocabulary remains partially intact.
• Asomatognosia — A structural neurological and body schema disorder characterized by a patient's inability to recognize, identify, or perceive a part of their own body or the entire body as belonging to them; this clinical phenomenon is usually caused by focal lesions localized in the right parietal lobe of the non-dominant cerebral hemisphere and often manifests within unilateral spatial neglect syndrome.
• Autoscopy — A hallucinatory or illusory psychological phenomenon in which a person perceives their own body from an external perspective or sees their own duplicated image projected into the surrounding space as a visual spectrum. This complex disturbance of the body schema and spatial perception is often associated with temporo-parietal lobe disorders, extreme exhaustion, anesthesia, or intense dissociative states.