#neurosurgery

• Acrania — A highly severe congenital structural defect characterized by the partial or total absence of the cranial vault (calvaria), while the skull base and facial bones are partially developed.
• Asterion — A craniometric landmark point located on the lateral surface of the skull, marking the junction of three bony sutures: the lambdoid, parietomastoid, and occipitomastoid sutures, corresponding to the location of the posterolateral (mastoid) fontanelle in the newborn.
• Astrocytoma — A brain tumor or malignancy of the central nervous system developed through the abnormal proliferation of astrocytes (star-shaped glial cells). This neoplasm represents the most common type of glioma and can vary from slow-growing, benign forms (such as grade I pilocytic astrocytoma) to highly aggressive, infiltrative forms (such as grade IV glioblastoma). Diagnosis is established via magnetic resonance imaging and histopathological examination.
• Spontaneous pneumocephalus — Spontaneous or congenital accumulation of air or gas inside the cranial cavity (within the cerebral ventricles, subarachnoid space, or brain parenchyma), occurring without obvious external trauma or prior surgical intervention. This rare structural pathological phenomenon is usually caused by the presence of a native bony or dural fistulous defect, an anomaly within the paranasal sinuses, or the action of gas-producing microorganisms within a latent endocranial infection.
• Bagdasar — A prominent Romanian proper surname of Armenian origin, most notably belonging to Dr. Dumitru Bagdasar (1893–1946), the founder of the Romanian school of neurosurgery, and widely associated with major medical institutions in Bucharest.