#ottoman tax

• Merchant tax — A minor office, guild, or historical tax paid by grocers (bacali) in the Romanian Principalities during the Ottoman and Phanariot eras; the term also designated the monopoly or exclusive retail trade right over food and colonial products within a certain market town or urban sector administered by a local authority.
• Merchant tax — An alternative spelling variant for 'bacalâm'; a historical trade tax, guild registration, or minor office applied to food and colonial merchants (bacali) in the Romanian Principalities during the Ottoman and Phanariot administrations. It also represented the legal privilege or territorial monopoly granted by the ruler for operating a grocery shop within a specific district.