#parthenogenesis

• Amphitoky — A specialized form of deuterotokous parthenogenesis in which unfertilized eggs can spontaneously develop into individuals of both sexes (both males and females). This structural reproductive mechanism is encountered in certain insect species (such as some aphids or wasps) and represents a biological adaptation strategy for dynamic population regulation in the absence of amphimictic reproduction.
• Amphitoky — An accepted orthographic and phonetic variant for the term 'amfitochie'; it defines the biological process of amphitokous parthenogenesis through which unfertilized eggs give rise to individuals belonging to both sexes. It is a rare structural form used in some older dictionaries or treatises translated directly from French.
• Amphitoky — A rare form of parthenogenesis, equivalent to amphitoky or deuterotoky, through which unfertilized eggs can develop into individuals of both sexes (both males and females). This phenomenon represents a remarkable evolutionary adaptation found in certain arthropods, providing demographic balance to isolated populations by alternating genetic sex-determination mechanisms without male gametic contribution.
• Amphoheterogony — A complex form of alternation of generations (heterogony) in which parthenogenetic forms produce offspring of both sexes (both males and females) either sequentially or simultaneously. This structural reproductive mechanism combines the traits of sexual reproduction with amphitokous parthenogenesis to optimize species adaptability.
• Arrhenotoky — A particular form of arrhenotokous parthenogenesis in which unfertilized eggs develop structurally and exclusively into male individuals (haploid males). This biological mechanism is characteristic of many social insect species belonging to the Hymenoptera order (bees, wasps, ants), ensuring the production of drones within the colony.
• Automictic parthenogenesis — A form of parthenogenesis (virgin reproduction) in which an egg cell develops without being fertilized by a sperm cell, but diploidy (the full chromosome count) is spontaneously restored through an internal meiotic or mitotic mechanism, such as the fusion of the egg with its own polar body or nuclear chromosome duplication. This endogenous structural process ensures the complete transmission of maternal genetic material, generating offspring that are genetically partial or total clones of the mother.
• Azygoid — Pertaining to a haploid organism, cell, or biological structure developed through parthenogenesis, lacking a homologous pair; a biological entity that possesses a single set of chromosomes and develops directly from an unfertilized egg, bypassing the zygote stage.
• Azygote — A haploid organism or cell resulting from a parthenogenetic developmental process, without prior fertilization of gametes; an individual that develops directly from an unfertilized egg, possessing a single set of chromosomes and lacking paired genes.