#phonation

• Arytenoid — Each of the two small, paired, pyramid-shaped cartilages situated at the posterior part of the larynx, above the cricoid cartilage. As an adjective, it describes any structure (muscle, ligament, mucosa) associated with these cartilages. They play an absolutely critical physiological role in phonation and respiration by directly controlling the tension, position, opening, and closing of the vocal cords.
• Ataxophemia — A rare neurological and speech disorder manifested by a lack of coordination in the muscles involved in phonation, leading to defective articulation, rhythm irregularities, and jerky or incoherent speech. The condition is not caused by an intrinsic weakness of the vocal apparatus, but by a structural dysfunction in the transmission of motor nerve impulses, disrupting the harmonious sequence of emitted sounds.