#political system
- Apella — The popular state assembly of full citizens in ancient Sparta, similar to the Athenian ecclesia; a political institution responsible for voting on laws proposed by the gerousia (council of elders), declaring war, concluding peace, and electing ephors and council members, with voting typically expressed through shouting.
- Aristocracy — A form of government in which power is held by a privileged minority, considered superior by birth, rank, merit, or wealth; the totality of persons constituting the noble class in a state. In a figurative sense, the term designates an elite in a specific field (intellectual, artistic, scientific) distinguished by excellence, exceptional value, distinction, and elegance of manners.
- Female autocrat — Feminine form of autocrat; a woman who exercises an absolute, totalitarian, or dictatorial leadership in a state, organization, or community, concentrating all authority in her own hands. As an adjective, it describes an authoritarian, coercive leadership structure, attitude, or governmental measure that restricts individual freedoms.
- Autocracy — A system of government in which the entire political, legislative, and executive power is held without limit by a single person (an autocrat), whose decisions are not subject to any external legal constraints or mechanisms of popular control. It characterizes dictatorial, despotic, or absolutist regimes that suppress pluralism and civil liberties.