#pregnancy termination

• Abortion — The premature termination of pregnancy before the fetus is viable (capable of independent survival outside the uterine environment), resulting in the expulsion or extraction of the product of conception from the uterus. Clinically and etiologically, it is classified into spontaneous abortion (miscarriage caused by genetic anomalies, endocrine dysfunctions, or biological traumas) and induced abortion (voluntary termination of gestation carried out through medical or surgical procedures).