#printing history

• Bold characters — The plural form for feminine nouns and adjectives in the typographic field; it refers either to bold characters (aldine letters) or to the entirety of the rare and precious books issued from Aldo Manuzio's printing house in Venice, prized by collectors for outstanding paper quality, font clarity, and philological rigor.
• Antiqua — A style of round typographic typefaces, inspired by monumental Roman inscriptions and Renaissance humanist script, characterized by the presence of serifs and a harmonious contrast between thick and thin strokes. This structural model laid the foundation for modern alphabetic fonts used in Western European book printing, contrasting with the Gothic or fractured style (Fraktur) through clarity, high legibility, and geometric elegance.
• Duplicator — An old apparatus for multiplying written documents or drawings, based on transferring ink from a special matrix; (rarely) a person who multiplies texts using such a device or automated copying systems. As an adjective, it describes an archaic system or method of semi-automated graphic reproduction.