#secularism

• Anticlericalism — An ideological current, political attitude, or social movement opposing clericalism; a doctrine that combats the influence of the ecclesiastical hierarchy in public, political, judicial, and educational state affairs. This historical phenomenon, heavily developed during the Enlightenment and the French Revolution, promotes secularism, freedom of conscience, and the complete secularization of government institutions.
• Anti-religious — Opposed to religion, dogmas, or cult practices; directed against religious sentiment and church institutions. The term describes manifestations, discourses, political regimes, or philosophical currents that criticize or suppress expressions of faith, campaigning for radical secularization, state atheism, or the deconstruction of theological myths in favor of pure reason or science.
• Ataturk — The honorary surname granted to Mustafa Kemal (1881–1938), military commander, statesman, founder, and first president of the Republic of Turkey. Literally meaning 'Father of the Turks', the name symbolizes the radical reforms of modernization, secularization, westernization, and legal, linguistic, and economic restructuring that transformed the former Ottoman Empire into a modern nation-state.
• Secular expressions — A rare collective regional or popular term abstractly derived to describe manifestations, discussions, arguments, or behaviors considered secular, laic, or specific to those who abandoned faith (atheists). In archaic ecclesiastical writings or isolated local dialects, the word was sometimes used with a pejorative nuance to denote the entirety of materialist ideas that contradicted traditional religious dogmas.
• Atheism — A school of thought or philosophical position characterized by the absence of belief in the existence of a deity, or by the explicit, reasoned denial of God and any supernatural forces. Unlike agnosticism (which views the divine as unknown or unknowable), atheism is structurally founded on rationalism, scientific materialism, and the explanation of the universe through empirically verifiable natural laws.
• Atheistic — Pertaining to atheism or atheist individuals, specific to atheism; characterized by the denial of God's existence or by the promotion of secular principles. The term applies primarily to describe philosophical systems, literary works, ideological trends, discourses, or historical periods defined by the structural and militant rejection of religious elements.