#social science

• Adherent — Sticking, clinging, or remaining tightly fixed to a surface through the effect of molecular attraction forces or a binder; also, it designates a person who joins an association, organization, or who supports a certain doctrine or social movement. In a structural sense, it describes the property of an element to ensure optimal friction or the state of an individual formally integrated into an interest group.
• Agriology — A branch of cultural anthropology and ethnology dealing with the comparative study of the customs, way of life, beliefs, and social organization of primitive peoples who exist in a wild state or are unintegrated into modern technological civilization. The discipline analyzes incipient cultural structures and their historical evolution.
• Allogenous — Of a different origin, born or formed elsewhere than its current location; an element (mineral, rock fragment, population, or individual) that is foreign to the indigenous environment in which it is integrated. In geology, it defines minerals transported from the outside and deposited in a sedimentary basin, while in sociology and anthropology, it refers to population groups originating from a geographic or cultural region different from the native one.
• Anarchic — Pertaining to anarchy or anarchism, referring to anarchy, or promoting the absence of a central authority or legal order. In a broad and common sense, it describes a state of total disorder, organizational chaos, lack of discipline, absence of structural regulation, or a spontaneous and disobedient action that defies any pre-established hierarchy or planning.
• Anarchizing — Anarchizing; tending to or possessing the property of introducing anarchy, chaos, and disorder into a system or social group. In political analyses, it describes a discourse, behavior, ideology, or destabilizing factor that systematically undermines legal authority, institutional regulations, and the structural cohesion of the state, favoring lawlessness.
• Ahistoricism — A theoretical attitude, doctrine, or methodological orientation that denies the importance of history, ignores the laws of historical development in explaining social phenomena, or refuses to recognize the historical determination of culture and human institutions. It represents a stance often found in radical Enlightenment or classical structuralism, where emphasis is placed on the rational or formal constants of humanity.
• Anti-immigration — Opposing immigration, or the entry and settlement of foreign citizens within a state; a policy, ideology, or doctrine aimed at restricting migratory flows and protecting the internal labor market or cultural identity. In a structural sense, it describes rigorous legislative measures, nationalist political rhetorics, or conservative social movements.
• Anti-intellectualism — A doctrine, social attitude, or ideological trend characterized by systematic hostility, suspicion, and contempt toward intellectuals, culture, art, and academic education; a structural tendency to reject critical thinking and scientific rigor in favor of instinct or populism. In a historical sense, it was utilized by totalitarian regimes to neutralize university elites.
• Anti-historicist — Belonging to or being an adherent of anti-historicism; a person, researcher, or theoretician who refuses to integrate the historical and evolutionary dimension into their scientific or cultural analyses. In a structural sense, it describes a work, methodology, or rhetoric that analyzes phenomena isolated from their native chronological context.
• Anti-Marxism — A political doctrine, ideological movement, or theoretical attitude directed against Marxism, its economic, social, and historical principles (such as class struggle or dialectical materialism); a radical rejection of or criticism toward scientific socialism and communism. In a structural sense, it promotes private property, individualism, free-market capitalism, or democratic and conservative values in opposition to state collectivism.
• Anti-militarism — A political doctrine, ideological movement, or civic attitude directed against militarism, the arms race, standing armies, and the martial spirit or military dominance of a state; a movement promoting peace, universal disarmament, and the diplomatic resolution of conflicts. In a structural sense, it rejects the army's influence on the civil and political life of society.
• Anti-nationalism — A political doctrine, theoretical attitude, or ideological movement oriented toward combating nationalism, xenophobia, and chauvinism; a conceptual orientation rejecting the primacy of ethnic or national identity in favor of globalism, cosmopolitanism, or supranational integration. In a structural sense, it promotes universal cooperation, open borders, and global citizenship while criticizing sovereignist myths.
• Anti-Semitic — A neologistic adjective form calqued from the English 'anti-Semitic', sometimes used as a variant for the term 'antisemit'; demonstrating hostility or prejudices of an anti-Semitic nature. In a strict linguistic sense, it can rarely refer to opposition toward the expansion or influence of languages from the Semitic family, but in current media usage, it functions as a modern synonym for Judeophobic.
• Female anthropologist — The feminine form of 'antropolog'; a female specialist in anthropology, the science dealing with the complex study of human beings from biological, evolutionary, cultural, linguistic, and social standpoints. This researcher analyzes the origins of mankind, anatomical population diversity, kinship structures, myths, and behaviors of archaic or modern communities.
• Anthropologist — A person specialized in anthropology, the science dealing with the comprehensive and comparative study of human beings from biological, evolutionary, social, linguistic, and cultural standpoints. This specialist analyzes the prehistoric origins of mankind, genetic and anatomical population diversity, as well as kinship structures, myths, traditions, and organizational forms of both archaic and modern communities.
• Female anthropologist — The feminine form of 'antropolog'; a female specialist in anthropology, the science dealing with the complex study of human beings from biological, evolutionary, cultural, linguistic, and social standpoints. This researcher analyzes the origins of mankind, anatomical population diversity, kinship structures, myths, and behaviors of archaic or modern communities.
• Anthropology — The science dealing with the comprehensive, global, and comparative study of man as a biological, cultural, and social entity. This academic discipline is divided into several fundamental branches, such as physical anthropology (anatomy, genetics, evolution), cultural and social anthropology (customs, kinship structures, myths), and linguistic anthropology.
• Driven ownership — The act of urging into ownership and its result; the impulse, provocation, or collective stimulation through which a categorical externalization of an identity or social stance is achieved. It represents a structural phenomenon of behavioral activation, often found in mass social movements or intense motivational speeches.
• Oppressed — Having undergone oppression, persecution, or exploitation; an individual, group, or people deprived of rights, oppressed and tyrannized by an oppressive authority. As a noun, it designates the victim of a tyrannical or feudal system.