#substance dependence

• Alcoholism — A pathological state and chronic disease caused by the repeated, abusive, and uncontrolled consumption of alcoholic beverages. It manifests through profound physical and psychological dependence, severe metabolic disruptions, progressive degradation of personality, cognitive impairment, and damage to vital organs, particularly the liver and central nervous system.
• Alcoolism — The standard Romanian spelling for alcoholism; a pathological state and chronic disease caused by the repeated, abusive, and uncontrolled consumption of alcoholic beverages. This condition manifests through profound physical and psychological dependence on ethanol, leading to metabolic alterations, progressive degradation of personality, and damage to vital organs, particularly the liver and nervous system.