#surface tension
- Adsorption — The spontaneous physical-chemical phenomenon consisting of the adhesion and concentration of fluid molecules (gas or liquid) onto the surface of a solid or liquid substrate. Unlike absorption (a bulk phenomenon), adsorption is strictly a surface phenomenon driven by the imbalance of intermolecular forces at the adsorbent's boundary layer. It is categorized into physical adsorption (physisorption) and chemical adsorption (chemisorption).
- Antifoaming agent — Preventing, reducing, or eliminating foam formation in various liquids during industrial, chemical, or culinary processes; a surface-active chemical or natural agent that lowers surface tension to break air bubbles. As a noun, it denotes an additive widely used in detergent production, wastewater treatment, the oil industry, or as a food ingredient to stabilize liquid textures.