Amyloid
Definition
An insoluble protein macromolecular aggregate with a pathological fibrillar structure folded into beta-sheets, which abnormally deposits in the intercellular spaces of various organs and tissues. Although its historical name suggests a resemblance to starch due to its specific staining reaction with iodine, amyloid is composed of conformationally altered proteins and is directly responsible for the onset and progression of amyloidosis and severe neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease.
Bilingual Equivalents
- Amyloid
- Amyloid protein
Grammatical & Source Details
| Inflection Type | Neuter noun with standard scientific variations, or variable adjective with regular masculine/feminine inflections. |
| Formation | Borrowed from French 'amyloïde', originating from the Greek 'amylon' (starch) combined with the structural suffix '-oid' (resembling). |
| Spelling / Pronunciation | [a.mi.ˈloid] |
| Source | Stedman's Medical Dictionary and Molecular Pathology Handbook |
Contextual Usage Examples
RO: Examenul histopatologic a evidențiat acumulări masive de amiloid în pereții vaselor de sânge din rinichi.
EN: The histopathological examination revealed massive accumulations of amyloid in the walls of the blood vessels within the kidney.
RO: Cercetătorii încearcă să dezvolte molecule capabile să dizolve acest amiloid înainte de a distruge neuronii.
EN: Researchers are trying to develop molecules capable of dissolving this amyloid before it destroys neurons.
RO: Colorația cu Roșu de Congo oferă o birifringență verde-măr specifică atunci când este aplicată pe un țesut ce conține amiloid.
EN: Congo Red staining provides a specific apple-green birefringence when applied to a tissue containing amyloid.
Idioms & Phrases
Depozit de amiloid / Amyloid deposit
RO: Acumulare extracelulară de substanță proteică anormală care perturbă funcționarea structurală a organului afectat.
EN: An extracellular accumulation of abnormal protein substance that disrupts the structural functioning of the affected organ.
Precursor de amiloid / Amyloid precursor
RO: Proteină normală sintetizată de organism care, în urma unei scindări enzimatice defectuoase, generează peptide insolubile.
EN: A normal protein synthesized by the body which, following a faulty enzymatic cleavage, generates insoluble peptides.
Fibrilă de amiloid / Amyloid fibril
RO: Structură filamentoasă microscopică înalt organizată, extrem de rezistentă la mecanismele normale de degradare celulară.
EN: A highly organized microscopic filamentous structure, extremely resistant to normal cellular degradation mechanisms.
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