Autopolyploidy
Definition
A structural genomic state or mutation characterized by the presence of more than two complete sets of homologous chromosomes within the cell nucleus, derived entirely from the same species due to endogenous duplication of genetic material without interspecific hybridization. This phenomenon occurs through the disruption of cell division (mitotic or meiotic non-disjunction) and plays a major role in the evolution and diversification of the plant kingdom, frequently causing morphological changes such as increased cell and organ size, as well as enhanced plant resilience.
Bilingual Equivalents
- Autopolyploidy
- Endogenous polyploidy
Grammatical & Source Details
| Inflection Type | Feminine noun, regular structural variations for both numbers. |
| Formation | Scientific compound term derived from the prefix 'auto-' (self) combined with the relative ploidy suffix core '-polyploidy'. |
| Spelling / Pronunciation | [ˌɔː.toʊ.ˌpɒl.ɪ.ˈplɔɪ.di] |
| Source | Textbook of Modern Cytogenetics and Evolutionary Plant Breeding |
Contextual Usage Examples
RO: Fenomenul de autopoliploidie a fost indus în laborator prin tratarea culturilor celulare cu colchicină.
EN: The autopolyploidy phenomenon was induced in the laboratory by treating cell cultures with colchicine.
RO: Analiza cariotipului a confirmat o autopoliploidie naturală la această populație izolată de plante montane.
EN: Karyotype analysis confirmed a natural autopolyploidy within this isolated population of mountain plants.
RO: Spre deosebire de alopoliploidie, o autopoliploidie poate duce la probleme de fertilitate din cauza împerecherii neregulate a cromozomilor în meioză.
EN: Unlike allopolyploidy, an autopolyploidy can lead to fertility issues due to the irregular pairing of chromosomes during meiosis.
Idioms & Phrases
Inducerea de autopoliploidie / Induction of autopolyploidy
RO: Procedeu artificial prin care se blochează formarea fusului de diviziune pentru a dubla numărul de cromozomi ai unei celule.
EN: An artificial procedure where the formation of the spindle apparatus is blocked to double a cell's chromosome number.
Autopoliploidie naturală / Natural autopolyploidy
RO: Proces spontan de mutație cromatică apărut în natură, considerat o cale importantă pentru apariția de noi specii vegetale.
EN: A spontaneous chromatic mutation process occurring in nature, considered an important pathway for the emergence of new plant species.
Efect de autopoliploidie / Autopolyploidy effect
RO: Modificare structurală și fiziologică la nivelul organismului (cum ar fi gigantismul celular) determinată de multiplicarea genomului.
EN: A structural and physiological change at the organism level (such as cellular gigantism) driven by genome multiplication.
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