#betulaceae

• Green alder — Specific epithet and taxonomic designation used in botany to identify the green alder (Alnus alnobetula), a highly resilient mountain and subalpine shrub with flexible, branched stems. This biological entity serves as an ecological indicator for cold regions, gravelly riverbeds, and steep slopes exposed to avalanches, possessing a unique capacity for nitrogen fixation through bacterial symbiosis.
• Alder — Taxonomic genus of deciduous trees and shrubs in the Betulaceae family, commonly known as alders. Characterized by roots with symbiotic nodules capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen and by woody fruits resembling small cones, the genus includes numerous species widespread across temperate and subarctic zones.
• Alnus glutinosa — The scientific name of the black alder, a deciduous tree species in the family Betulaceae, native to most of Europe, Western Asia, and northern Africa. This structural tree thrives in excessively wet soils, swamps, and along watercourses, possessing the ecological ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen into the soil through root bacterial symbiosis and features dark green leaves that are sticky when young.
• Alnus incana — The scientific name of the grey alder (or speckled alder), a tree or shrub in the family Betulaceae, widespread across the cold and mountainous regions of Europe, Asia, and North America. Unlike its close relative, this species features matte leaves that are greyish on the underside and a smooth, light grey bark, being excellently adapted for rapidly colonizing degraded soils or mountain gravels.
• Alnus viridis — The scientific name of the green alder, a species of perennial shrub in the Betulaceae family, adapted to cold climates, mountainous, or subarctic zones; it plays a crucial structural ecological role in stabilizing steep soils, preventing erosion, and fixing atmospheric nitrogen through root symbioses.
• Common hazel — A native deciduous shrub in the family Betulaceae (Corylus avellana), growing up to 5-6 meters tall, featuring stems branched from the base, subround, serrated leaves, and unisexual flowers (male catkins and reduced female flowers); it produces edible achene-type nuts (hazelnuts), globose or ovoid, partially enclosed in a fringed foliar involucre.
• Turkish hazel — A species of large deciduous tree in the family Betulaceae (Corylus colurna), native to southeastern Europe and Asia Minor; unlike the common hazel, it grows as a single-stemmed tree with a straight trunk and pyramidal canopy, reaching heights of 20-25 meters, featuring corky bark, fissured rhytidome, and clustered nuts enclosed in a deeply divided involucre with fimbriate, recurved lobes.
• Turkish hazelnut — The fruit of the Turkish hazel tree (Corylus colurna); an edible, globose, slightly flattened nut with an extremely thick, hard woody shell, protected by a fleshy, deeply fringed, and tightly adhering husk (involucre), recognized for its rich, intense nutty flavor.
• Hazel grove — A small forest, grove, or compact plantation composed exclusively or predominantly of hazel bushes (Corylus avellana); a specific area on a mountain or hillside where these fruitful shrubs grow in abundance.
• Alder — Popular name for the alder (Alnus); a tree or shrub from the birch family (Betulaceae), with brownish-gray bark, oval toothed leaves, and flowers grouped in catkins, growing in wet places, along watercourses, and in wetlands. Its wood is highly resistant to water, being historically used in hydrotechnical constructions, carpentry, and for charcoal drawing production.