#bill of exchange

• Endorse — The act of writing a special endorsement on the back of a credit instrument, check, bill of exchange, or promissory note, through which the ownership rights and claims contained in that document are officially transferred to another person. In an extended legal and commercial sense, it represents the structural formality of validating a transfer, assuming the role of payment guarantor.
• Endorser — The physical or legal person (the legitimate holder of a credit instrument) who signs an endorsement on the back of the document, thereby transferring the claim rights to a new beneficiary; (used as an adjective) performing an endorsement operation. Through this structural action, the person becomes a jointly liable guarantor for the payment of the instrument to subsequent holders.
• Endorsee — The physical or legal person in whose favor an endorsement is made; the new beneficiary or legitimate acquirer of a credit instrument to order (check, bill of exchange, promissory note) transmitted via a gir. This structural entity acquires all the claim rights inscribed in the document, having the possibility to collect the sum or transfer it further.
• Endorsee — The feminine form of the word endorsee; a female person or a legal entity in whose favor an endorsement is made, becoming the legitimate beneficiary of a credit instrument to order (check, bill of exchange, promissory note) transmitted via a gir. This structural entity acquires full ownership of the claim rights inscribed in the document.
• Endorser — A female person or a commercial entity that performs the operation of endorsing a credit instrument; (used as an adjective) serving to endorse, or endorsing a commercial bill. This structural term identifies the party relinquishing the claim and assuming joint liability for payment.
• Endorser — A physical or legal person who transfers the ownership rights of a negotiable instrument made to order (such as a bill of exchange, promissory note, or check) to another party, by writing a special endorsement on the back of the document. Through this structural legal act, the endorser typically becomes a guarantor for the payment of the instrument to subsequent holders, ensuring the continuity of the commercial circuit.
• Downstream — The part of a watercourse located in the direction of the current, toward the mouth (as opposed to amonte); (adverbially) in the direction of the water flow; (in economics and law) a written personal guarantee, usually on a bill of exchange or promissory note, whereby a person (avalist) binds themselves to pay the mentioned amount if the primary debtor fails to fulfill their obligation.
• To back a bill — To guarantee by signature (aval) the payment of a bill of exchange, promissory note, or other commercial paper, becoming jointly liable alongside the primary debtor in case of default at maturity.
• To back a bill — To guarantee by signature (aval) the payment of a bill of exchange, a promissory note, or another commercial paper, assuming the obligation to pay the inscribed amount if the primary debtor fails to meet their duties at maturity.