#bill
- Endorser — A physical or legal person who transfers the ownership rights of a negotiable instrument made to order (such as a bill of exchange, promissory note, or check) to another party, by writing a special endorsement on the back of the document. Through this structural legal act, the endorser typically becomes a guarantor for the payment of the instrument to subsequent holders, ensuring the continuity of the commercial circuit.
- Quantity takeoff — A technical process, preliminary calculation, or engineering operation to determine and analytically evaluate, before starting the execution of construction or installation works, the quantities of materials, volumes of earth or concrete, and necessary labor hours. This centralizing document forms the basis for preparing the cost estimate and bills of quantities for tenders.
- Quantity takeoff — A written component of a technical design, estimate, or preliminary calculation through which the quantities of work and volumes of materials required for a construction are analytically determined based on blueprints and execution details. This centralizing document is indispensable for the correct financial evaluation of the investment and for drafting the bill of quantities for tenders.
- Downstream — The part of a watercourse located in the direction of the current, toward the mouth (as opposed to amonte); (adverbially) in the direction of the water flow; (in economics and law) a written personal guarantee, usually on a bill of exchange or promissory note, whereby a person (avalist) binds themselves to pay the mentioned amount if the primary debtor fails to fulfill their obligation.
- To back a bill — To guarantee by signature (aval) the payment of a bill of exchange, promissory note, or other commercial paper, becoming jointly liable alongside the primary debtor in case of default at maturity.
- Avalist — A physical or legal person who guarantees by signature (aval), on a bill of exchange or a promissory note, the payment of this credit title at maturity, becoming jointly and unconditionally liable alongside the guaranteed party.
- Female avalist — A female person or a legal entity (represented by a female) that guarantees by signature (aval), on a bill of exchange or a promissory note, the payment of this credit title at maturity, becoming jointly and unconditionally liable alongside the guaranteed party.
- To back a bill — To guarantee by signature (aval) the payment of a bill of exchange, a promissory note, or another commercial paper, assuming the obligation to pay the inscribed amount if the primary debtor fails to meet their duties at maturity.
- Backed by an aval — The feminine form of 'avalizat'; having been secured or protected through the application of an aval; a bill of exchange or commercial obligation guaranteed by a jointly liable third party.
- Avalist — A natural or legal person who guarantees the payment of a bill of exchange or promissory note by signing the instrument, acting as a guarantor for one of the liable parties. The avalist assumes joint and several liability, becoming directly responsible for settling the debt if the principal debtor or guaranteed endorser fails to meet payment obligations at maturity.