#ergative languages

• Absolutive — 1. Adjective and neuter noun (in linguistics) defining the specific grammatical case in ergative languages used to mark the subject of an intransitive verb or the direct object of a transitive verb. 2. In moral philosophy, law, and ethics, the term describes a principle or act with a liberating, forgiving character, releasing from guilt or possessing the capacity to absolve a subject from a prior normative or penal obligation.
• Antipassive — A voice or grammatical construction specific to ergative languages through which a transitive verb changes its syntactic structure, transforming the ergative subject into an absolutive subject, while the direct object (patient) is either completely eliminated or demoted to an oblique or instrumental case. This structural mechanism reduces verb valency and shifts the communication focus from the action's result to its execution.