Antipassive
Definition
A voice or grammatical construction specific to ergative languages through which a transitive verb changes its syntactic structure, transforming the ergative subject into an absolutive subject, while the direct object (patient) is either completely eliminated or demoted to an oblique or instrumental case. This structural mechanism reduces verb valency and shifts the communication focus from the action's result to its execution.
Bilingual Equivalents
- Antipassive
- Antipassive voice
Grammatical & Source Details
| Inflection Type | Variable adjective and neuter noun with standard regular morphological variations. |
| Formation | Derived linguistic term formed by adding the prefix 'anti-' to the base noun or adjective 'pasiv'. |
| Spelling / Pronunciation | [an.ti.pa.ˈsiv] |
| Source | Handbook of Morphosyntactic Typology and Grammatical Voices |
Contextual Usage Examples
RO: În limbile caucaziene, un sufix antipasiv adăugat rădăcinii verbale modifică automat cazul substantivelor din jur.
EN: In Caucasian languages, an antipassive suffix added to the verbal root automatically changes the case of surrounding nouns.
RO: Sistemul antipasiv permite vorbitorului să pună accentul pe agent fără a mai menționa neapărat obiectul afectat.
EN: The antipassive system allows the speaker to emphasize the agent without necessarily mentioning the affected object.
RO: Profesorul a analizat un text în limba inuită pentru a exemplifica un marker antipasiv tipic.
EN: The professor analyzed an Inuit text to exemplify a typical antipassive marker.
Idioms & Phrases
Diateză antipasivă / Antipassive voice
RO: Categorie gramaticală a verbului care indică focalizarea pe acțiunea agentului în dauna pacientului.
EN: A grammatical category of the verb indicating a focus on the agent's action rather than the patient.
Marker antipasiv / Antipassive marker
RO: Morfem sau prefix structural aplicat verbului pentru a semnala scăderea tranzitivității sintactice.
EN: A morpheme or structural prefix applied to a verb to signal a decrease in syntactic transitivity.
Construcție antipasivă / Antipassive construction
RO: Structură de propoziție în care complementul direct este retrogradat la un caz instrumental ori locativ.
EN: A sentence structure in which the direct object is demoted to an instrumental or locative case.
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