#ethics

• Impoliteness — Complete absence of politeness, good manners, or courtesy in behavior, gestures, or speech; manifest discourtesy, rudeness, or impoliteness. It represents a conscious or accidental violation of the social conduct norms accepted within a community, causing discomfort or tension in interpersonal relations.
• Apologue — A short allegorical narrative, usually in verse, possessing a moralizing or didactic character, where the characters are often personified animals, plants, or inanimate objects designed to illustrate a general ethical truth; synonymous with a fable. In a secondary masculine sense, the term denotes a person who enthusiastically praises, defends, or justifies a doctrine, idea, religion, or political system.
• Apologia — A passionate eulogy, a written discourse, or a systematic oral defense aimed at justifying, vindicating, or rehabilitating a highly contested person, work, doctrine, or cause in the public sphere. In classical culture, the term refers directly to Socratic and Platonic writings designed to refute legal indictments, later evolving into a discursive tool for ideological justification.
• Apologist — A person who ardently praises, defends, or justifies a doctrine, idea, personality, political movement, or social system; a zealous and often uncritical defender of a cause. As an adjective, it describes a person or discourse marked by a tendency to excuse or rehabilitate controversial facts or theories, sacrificing objectivity in favor of ideological partisanship.
• Après moi le déluge — A famous historical aphorism attributed to King Louis XV of France (or his favorite, Madame de Pompadour), literally translated as 'After me, the deluge'. In a conceptual and structural sense, the expression defines an attitude of extreme selfishness, civic irresponsibility, or total indifference of a leader toward the disastrous consequences that their current decisions will have on the future of society or their successors after their departure.
• Free will — The capacity or faculty of the human will to consciously and freely choose between multiple possibilities of action or to decide without absolute external determination. In a modern legal and political sense, the term describes the discretionary power of an authority to make decisions within the boundaries of the law, whereas in a pejorative sense it is used to describe abusive behavior based on whim or caprice.
• Aristotle — Aristotle of Stagira (384–322 BCE), one of the most significant philosophers and scientists of Ancient Greece, a disciple of Plato and tutor to Alexander the Great. Founder of the Lyceum and the Peripatetic school, his encyclopedic body of work laid the foundations for formal logic, ethics, politics, metaphysics, rhetoric, and biology, exerting a massive influence on medieval Christian, Islamic thought, and the entirety of Western culture.
• Aristotle — An onomastic variant or regional/archaic linguistic form used to denote Aristotle, one of the greatest philosophers of Ancient Greece, a disciple of Plato and mentor to Alexander the Great. A systemic thinker, he founded the Lyceum in Athens and laid the formal foundations of logic, metaphysics, ethics, politics, and biology, with his structural work deeply influencing Western and medieval Islamic culture.
• Aristotelian — Belonging to Aristotle's philosophy or characteristic of his system of thought; based on the principles established by the Greek philosopher. The term typically applies to feminine doctrines, logics, ethics, or methodological concepts marked by an analytical, systematic, and empirical approach to the surrounding reality.
• To arrogate to oneself — To claim, assume, or attribute to oneself abusively and unjustifiably a right, title, power, merit, or privilege without having the legal or moral authority to do so. Used almost exclusively as a reflexive verb ('a-și aroga').
• Arrogant — Displaying an exaggerated, offensive pride and contempt toward others; characterized by haughtiness, self-importance, and an unjustified attitude of superiority. As a noun, it denotes a person driven by excessive pride who treats others with defiance.
• Arrogation — The act of arrogating and its result; the abusive and unjustified assumption, attribution, or claiming of a right, title, power, merit, or privilege without legal or moral authority. In constitutional contexts, it denotes the illegal usurpation of prerogatives between institutions.
• Arrogated — Assumed, attributed, or claimed abusively, illegally, and without right; taken over by a person or authority through the violation of moral or legal standards. It describes a title, merit, power, or privilege obtained via usurpation.
• Asimov — The surname of the famous American writer and biochemist of Russian origin Isaac Asimov (1920–1992), one of the most influential authors of science fiction and popular science of the 20th century. Structurally, his name is globally associated with the creation of the 'Three Laws of Robotics', the 'Foundation' series, and a visionary outlook on artificial intelligence and humanity's future.
• Austere — Manifesting severe moral rigor, extreme sobriety, and strict self-discipline, rejecting material pleasures, luxury, or superfluous comfort. In an aesthetic or architectural sense, it describes a simple style, devoid of unneeded ornaments, characterized by clean lines and pure functionality.
• To self-slander — To intentionally and falsely attribute to oneself blameworthy acts, imaginary defects, or illegal actions with the purpose of self-discrediting, protecting another person, or due to psychological disorders of self-punishment.
• Self-slander — The act or practice of slandering oneself; intentional defamation or denigration of one's own reputation through false statements or conscious exaggerations of flaws. In behavioral analysis, the phenomenon is often associated with faulty psychological defense mechanisms.
• Self-censorship — The act of self-censoring and its result; the psychological and social process whereby an individual or institution voluntarily suppresses or alters their own speech, writings, or artistic expressions before publication.
• Self-demandingness — A psychological and moral attitude characterized by imposing extremely high, rigorous, and severe standards on one's own actions, behaviors, performances, or creations. It represents a form of inner discipline through which an individual critically evaluates their achievements, refusing mediocrity or compromise.
• To ignore oneself — To ignore oneself; to knowingly or unconsciously neglect one's own person, desires, fundamental needs, health status, or social existence. In clinical psychology, the behavior often reflects a dysfunctional self-defense mechanism or low self-esteem, with the individual exclusively prioritizing external demands over their own psychosomatic balance.