#finance definition

• Female shareholder — A woman or a legal entity (assimilated to the feminine gender as a corporation or society) that owns one or more shares in the capital of a joint-stock company. This legal and structural status grants her the right to participate in general meetings, cast votes proportional to her holdings, and collect dividends from the realized profit.
• Shareholders — The total body of shareholders holding the share capital of a company, or the specific structure of share distribution within a commercial enterprise. This term defines the collective group of natural or legal persons with voting rights and the right to receive dividends, while also reflecting the balance of power, strategic control, and corporate governance within an economic entity.
• Action — The carrying out of an activity with a specific purpose, an act performed by a being or a mechanism; a negotiable security representing a portion of the share capital of a joint-stock company; also, in physics, it represents a fundamental dynamic quantity, and in law, the legal means to defend a right in court. This versatile concept governs the dynamics of movement, the structure of capital markets, and the exercise of civil rights.
• Endorse — The act of writing a special endorsement on the back of a credit instrument, check, bill of exchange, or promissory note, through which the ownership rights and claims contained in that document are officially transferred to another person. In an extended legal and commercial sense, it represents the structural formality of validating a transfer, assuming the role of payment guarantor.
• Backed by an aval — Having been guaranteed through the application of an aval signature; a promissory note, bill of exchange, or commercial paper for which a guarantor (avalist) has assumed joint and unconditional liability for payment in case of default by the primary debtor.