#forensics

• Alibi — A defense mechanism in criminal law whereby a suspect or accused proves that at the time the offense was committed they were in a different place than the crime scene, making their participation impossible. Broadly, it describes any justification or excuse used to demonstrate innocence.
• Alibi — An orthographic variant used as a perfect synonym for the standard term 'alibi'; a defense mechanism in criminal law whereby a suspect proves they were elsewhere when the offense was committed. While modern standards favor 'alibi', this form appears inside older literature.
• Fingerprinting — The act of imprinting and its result; the technical and judicial operation of taking capillary fingerprints from a person or the industrial process of marking a texture on a material support through pressing. In a criminal procedural sense, it represents a mandatory structural biometric identification stage included in the dactyloscopic file.
• Fingerprinted — Having undergone the process of fingerprinting or imprinting; a person whose papillary prints have been taken and recorded for judicial purposes, or an object or material surface on which a texture, design, or distinctive mark has been impressed through structural pressing. Figuratively, it describes an element strongly influenced, marked, or individualized by a certain trait, culture, or personality.
• Amprentology — A specialized branch of forensics that deals with the scientific study, classification, collection, and comparison of macroscopic and microscopic traces left by papillary ridges, feet, teeth, or other anatomical areas of the human body, as well as by various objects; this field unites dactyloscopy, poroscopy, and podoscopy into an integrated methodological framework for personal identification.
• Antemortem — Occurring, performed, or taking place before death; specific to medical investigations, pathological analyses, or legal documents made during an individual's lifetime. In forensics and criminology, the term is essential to differentiate injuries, traumas, or biological evidence acquired by the victim during life from those occurring post-mortem.
• Antedating — The act of antedating and its result; the application on a document, deed, or instrument of a date prior to the one on which it was actually drafted or signed. Within forensic or criminalistic investigations, the identification of backdating is performed through advanced analytical techniques that determine the degradation of the paper or the real age of the ink.
• Anti-gang — Fighting against organized gangs of criminals, street banditry, organized crime, or cartels; a specialized police structure tasked with neutralizing violent criminal networks. As a noun, it designates an elite tactical intervention brigade or task force created to dismantle mafia groups.
• Anti-gangster — Directed against gangsters, dangerous criminals, or organized crime networks; a law enforcement framework, legislation, or operational structure designed to combat violent urban banditry and mafia activities. It describes large-scale judicial strategies and special intervention tactics used to dismantle crime syndicates.
• Artnapping — An offense consisting of the theft of high-value artworks (paintings, sculptures, manuscripts), followed by a ransom demand from the owner, insurance company, or state in exchange for their safe return without being destroyed. In modern forensics, this phenomenon is approached as a specialized form of international extortion orchestrated by organized crime networks.