#gynecology

• Apareunia — The physical, pathological, or psychological impossibility of performing the sexual act (coitus). This severe structural or functional condition can be caused by congenital anatomical anomalies, intense involuntary muscle spasms (vaginismus), or profound psychological trauma, requiring a multidisciplinary medical approach.
• Atopomenorrhea — A rare gynecological condition, also known as ectopic or vicarious menstruation, characterized by periodic monthly hemorrhages occurring outside the uterine cavity (e.g., through the nasal mucosa, stomach, lungs, or skin scars), coinciding with or replacing the normal menstrual flow.
• Abortion — The premature termination of pregnancy before the fetus is viable (capable of independent survival outside the uterine environment), resulting in the expulsion or extraction of the product of conception from the uterus. Clinically and etiologically, it is classified into spontaneous abortion (miscarriage caused by genetic anomalies, endocrine dysfunctions, or biological traumas) and induced abortion (voluntary termination of gestation carried out through medical or surgical procedures).