#imprumut

• Adstratum — The totality of foreign linguistic elements introduced into a language and added to its structure after it has been fully formed as a distinct idiom. Distracted from substrate (the tongue of an assimilated indigenous population) and superstrate (the language of conquerors absorbed by locals), adstratum is driven by prolonged contacts, geographical proximity, historical-political ties, or cultural exchanges. Its components yield mostly quantitative changes, expanding the lexicon and affix inventories without altering the core grammar.
• Pawn — A form of movable property security whereby a debtor delivers a movable asset (valuables, jewelry, electronics) to a creditor to secure the repayment of a debt or to obtain a short-term cash loan. By extension, the term designates the commercial institution or specialized shop (pawnshop) that grants these loans based on the appraisal of the pledged goods.
• Pawnbroker — An authorized individual who owns, manages, or works as an operator in a pawnshop, responsible for appraising movable assets, determining pledge values, calculating interest rates, and drafting official loan contracts. Historically, the term referred to a person who lent money with interest in exchange for pledges or physical collateral.
• Pawner — An individual or legal entity that gives or leaves a movable asset as a pawn (pledge) to secure a short-term loan; a pledger. Exceptionally and depending on old legal contexts, the term may also refer to a person managing a pawnshop, though modern usage confirms the role of the pledger.
• Americanism — A word, expression, idiom, or turn of phrase specific to the English language spoken in the United States of America, borrowed by other languages or integrated into the international lexicon. In a broad cultural and sociological sense, it represents the adoption of a set of customs, mentalities, social behaviors, or political doctrines of American inspiration, reflecting the global phenomenon of structural assimilation of the US lifestyle.
• Angel — A term borrowed from the French language ('ange') used extremely rarely in old Romanian salon literature or cosmopolitan slang to denote an angel, a person with an extremely gentle, innocent character, or a woman of ideal beauty. In certain expressive literary contexts, it can function as an affectionate exclamation or a poetic term of endearment addressed to a loved one.
• Angelo — A term borrowed from the Italian language ('angelo'), used transiently in Romanian literature or in cosmopolitan colloquial speech to denote an angel or a person with physical and moral traits of an ideal purity. As a proper name (usually capitalized, Angelo), it represents a widely circulated international masculine given name, directly related to the Romanian Anghel, carrying the meaning of divine envoy or messenger of heaven.
• Angl — A lexicographical or structural abbreviation used in Romanian etymological, philological dictionaries and linguistic databases to denote a term or origin from the English language (or Anglo-Saxon / Anglic in certain historical contexts). As a well-defined structural element of linguistic marking, it serves to signal neologistic borrowings, technical terms, or linguistic calques directly originating from modern or medieval English vocabulary.
• Anglicism — A language phenomenon (word, phrase, grammatical structure, or turn of phrase) borrowed directly or calqued from the English language into another idiom, without being fully adapted to the phonetic, morphological, or orthographic rules of the recipient language. In modern Romanian linguistics, it represents a highly dynamic category of neologisms heavily introduced into technological, economic, media jargon, and daily speech, frequently sparking intense debates regarding their standardization and appropriate usage.
• Loan — An altered, regional, dialectal, or popular form resulting from the phonetic deformation of the neuter noun 'împrumut' (loan/borrowing); the act of giving or taking an asset, sum of money, or material with the obligation to return it after a certain time.
• Lend — An altered, regional, or popular form resulting from the phonetic deformation of the standard verb 'împrumuta' (to lend/borrow); the act of giving or taking an asset, sum of money, or material with the contractual or moral obligation to return it after a certain period of time.
• Lending — An altered, regional, or popular form resulting from the phonetic deformation of the standard noun 'împrumutare' (lending/borrowing); the act of lending or borrowing and its result; the economic, moral, or household act through which the use of an asset is temporarily yielded.
• Borrowed — An altered, regional, or popular form resulting from the phonetic deformation of the standard word 'împrumutat' (borrowed/lent); having been given or taken as a loan, credited, or owed to a person based on a temporary agreement.
• Arabism — A word, expression, or grammatical structure borrowed from an Arabic dialect into another language; a linguistic feature specific to the Arabic language. Broadly, the term describes the cultural, literary, or religious influence exerted by the Arab civilization over other peoples, while in modern political contexts, it defines the nationalist ideology or deep commitment to the identity, unity, and interests of the Arab world.
• Aromanianism — A word, expression, grammatical structure, or phonetic trait specific to the Aromanian language, borrowed into literary Romanian or other Balkan languages. Ideologically, it denotes the national movement or attachment to the preservation of Aromanian identity.
• Artotheque — An institution, public collection, or specialized section of a museum or library designated for gathering, preserving, cataloging, and lending visual artworks (paintings, graphics, sculptures, photographs) to the public; a public picture library. It functions similarly to a book library, offering users the possibility to temporarily display original works in private or educational spaces.