#infection

• Abacteriemic — A medical term describing the state of an organism or circulating blood in which no viable bacteria are present. It is used clinically to confirm the absence of a systemic infection disseminated through the bloodstream or to describe the complete remission phase of a patient successfully treated for bacteremia, where repeated blood cultures turn negative.
• To form an abscess / To abscess — A pathological process where a localized acute purulent inflammation or bacterial infection evolves into a distinct abscess, accumulating pus and causing necrosis of the surrounding tissues.
• Abscessed / Suppurated — Regarding an inflammatory focus, tumor, organ, or tissue: that has progressed to form an abscess; converted into a closed, well-circumscribed purulent collection.
• Abscesses / Suppurates — The conjugated form of the verb 'a abceda' (to abscess) in the indicative present, 3rd person singular or plural, used to describe the action of an acute lesion, tissue, or inflammation forming an abscess.
• Abscess / Purulent pocket — A localized collection of pus, well-circumscribed by a newly formed pyogenic membrane, resulting from tissue destruction and liquefactive necrosis caused by an acute infection, most commonly bacterial (staphylococci, streptococci). Clinically characterized by classic signs of inflammation: pulsatile pain, swelling, local heat, redness, and fluctuance.
• abscess — (Medicine) A localized collection of pus within a tissue or organ, formed as a result of an acute inflammatory process, usually caused by a local bacterial infection.
• Acanthocephalosis — An endemic or sporadic parasitic disease affecting the digestive tract of animals (especially fish, waterfowl, and swine) and, accidentally, humans, caused by infestation with acanthocephalan worms. The clinical manifestation of the disease is characterized by severe chronic enteritis, local traumatic lesions, ulcerations, and, in severe cases of complete intestinal wall perforation, secondary bacterial peritonitis and profound anemia.
• Acromastitis — Acute or chronic inflammation of the nipple; a pathological process strictly localized within the superficial tissue structures of the mammary nipple and areola. This clinical condition manifests through pronounced erythema, localized edema, sharp tenderness, and cutaneous fissures, frequently occurring during lactation due to microtraumas or secondary bacterial infections.
• Acroposthitis — An acute or chronic inflammatory pathological process localized strictly at the level of the prepuce (the distal cutaneous sheath of the penis). This structural urological condition is most frequently caused by bacterial, fungal (such as candidiasis), or viral infections, poor local hygiene, chemical irritations, or mechanical traumas, clinically manifesting through marked edema, erythema (redness), intense pain, pruritus, and abnormal discharge, being closely correlated or frequently coexisting with balanitis (inflammation of the glans) to form the clinical picture known as balanoposthitis.
• Adenovirus infection — An infectious and contagious disease caused by adenoviruses, structurally and functionally affecting the mucous membranes of the respiratory, digestive, or ocular tracts, as well as the associated lymphoid tissue. This condition manifests clinically through a variety of syndromes, including pharyngitis, conjunctivitis (pharyngoconjunctival fever), gastroenteritis, or mesenteric adenitis, being particularly common among children.
• Adenovirus — A genus of medium-sized, non-enveloped viruses with an icosahedral structure and a double-stranded DNA genome, responsible for a wide range of infectious diseases in humans and animals. This structural pathogen frequently infects the linings of the respiratory, digestive, and ocular tracts, causing rhinitis, pharyngitis, gastroenteritis, or epidemic conjunctivitis.
• Agranulocytosis — An acute and severe hematological condition characterized by a drastic reduction or near-complete disappearance of granulocytes (primarily neutrophils) in the peripheral blood, dropping below 500 per microliter. It leaves the body highly vulnerable to life-threatening infections.
• Alpidia — A microscopic genus of parasitic organisms or primitive unicellular fungi (belonging to taxonomic classifications within Chytridiomycota or related protist groups) that structurally infect the cells of other aquatic organisms (such as algae or rotifers). This structural taxon is studied in microbiology and parasitology to analyze cellular interactions and the impact of ecological parasites on micro-fauna.
• Tonsillitis — An acute or chronic inflammation of the palatine tonsils, caused by a viral or bacterial infection (frequently group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus). This structural pathology manifests clinically through severe odynophagia, dysphagia, fever, cervical adenopathy, and swelling of the lymphoid tissue, requiring differential diagnosis to determine the appropriateness of antibiotic treatment.
• Amniotitis — An acute or chronic inflammation of the amniotic membrane, usually caused by an ascending bacterial infection from the vaginal tract following membrane rupture or during prolonged labor. This pathological condition is closely correlated with chorioamnionitis and represents a major risk for neonatal infection or preterm birth.
• Amoxicillin — A semisynthetic antibiotic substance of the beta-lactam class, derived from penicillin, featuring a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It acts by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis during replication, being widely used in clinical practice to treat acute respiratory, urinary, cutaneous, or otorhinolaryngological infections.
• Ampicillin — A semi-synthetic antibiotic substance from the penicillin group, featuring a broad spectrum of activity, acid-stable but inactivated by beta-lactamases; it is widely utilized in medicine to treat various bacterial infections caused by susceptible microorganisms, acting by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis during replication. It represents one of the most essential antimicrobial drugs included in fundamental therapeutic lists globally.
• Ankylostomiasis — A parasitic disease caused by the presence of nematode worms of the genus Ancylostoma in the small intestine. This condition manifests through severe gastrointestinal disturbances, digestive mucosal lesions, chronic microscopic bleeding, and a marked iron-deficiency anemia due to the hematophagous nature of the parasite.
• Angina — A variant or partially obsolete spelling of 'angină', representing an acute inflammatory disease of the pharynx and tonsils, infectious in nature (bacterial or viral), manifested by intense pain during swallowing, fever, headache, and swelling of the cervical lymph nodes. In an extended and historical sense, the term can also refer to painful thoracic constriction forms, such as angina pectoris, holding a significant structural presence in Romanian medical literature from the 19th and early 20th centuries.
• Angina — An acute inflammatory disease of the pharynx and tonsils, infectious in nature (bacterial or viral), manifested by intense pain during swallowing, fever, headache, and swelling of the cervical lymph nodes. In an extended sense, the term also describes other pathological clinical syndromes characterized by a severe sensation of suffocation, constriction, or localized crushing pain, such as angina pectoris caused by transient myocardial ischemia.