#kinship

• Adoptive — Based on adoption, originating from a legal adoption; creating a relationship of civil, rather than biological, kinship. Applied to parents who have adopted a child or to children who have been adopted. Figuratively or culturally, the term describes a country, city, or community that has welcomed and integrated a foreigner, becoming their chosen new home.
• Agnate — A relative on the male line descending from a common male ancestor, historically subject to the same paternal authority (patria potestas) in Roman law. In a structural sense, the term defines civil or legal kinship, as opposed to cognate, which represents blood kinship on the maternal line.
• Female agnate — A female person who is in an agnatic relationship; a woman legally integrated into the same family as the common ancestor through an exclusively male line. In Roman law, a female agnate often lost this structural status upon marriage, passing under the legal authority of her husband's family (conventio in manum).
• Agnatic — Pertaining to agnates or agnatic kinship; based on an exclusively male line of descent from a common ancestor. In succession law, the term describes strict rules for transmitting property, noble titles, or the throne, completely or partially excluding descendants on the maternal line.
• Agnation — A form of civil or legal kinship based on exclusive male descent from a common ancestor; the totality of agnates within a family or gens. In ancient Roman society, agnation created strict religious and legal obligations, being clearly differentiated from cognation (maternal lineage).
• Agnation — An obsolete and literary variant of the noun 'agnație', used historically in legal treatises and old translations of civil law or Roman history. It denotes the relationship of civil kinship based exclusively on descent along the male line from a common ancestor under the authority of the same pater familias.
• Female ancestors — The plural form of the term 'ascendentă'; it refers to multiple lines, slopes, or growing trends. In a legal and genealogical context, the noun designates all direct relatives from a previous generation (mothers, grandmothers, great-grandmothers), legally recognized in inheritance rights or determining kinship degrees.
• Avunculate — A social and customary institution, specifically found in matrilineal societies, whereby the mother's brother (the maternal uncle) exercises recognized authority, legal rights, and duties as a guardian, educator, and protector over his sister's children. In this structural kinship system, the maternal uncle holds the role of family head and transmits inheritance or titles to these nephews and nieces, often prevailing over the biological father.