#perennial herbs

• Arisaema — A major genus of herbaceous, perennial, and tuberous plants in the Araceae family, comprising over 250 species distributed primarily in tropical and temperate regions of Asia, as well as North America and East Africa. These plants are recognized by their unique spadix inflorescence, often enclosed by a decorative hood- or funnel-shaped spathe (resembling a cobra), and by their remarkable ability to change sex from year to year based on accumulated nutrients.
• Aristolochia clematitis — Scientific name for a toxic, perennial herbaceous plant species in the Aristolochiaceae family, commonly known as birthwort or European birthwort. The plant features cordate leaves and tubular yellow flowers with a characteristic shape, is widespread across Europe, and is historically recognized in traditional medicine, but is extremely dangerous due to aristolochic acid, which causes severe renal failure and urinary tract cancer.
• Armeria maritima — Scientific name for a popular species of perennial herbaceous plant in the Plumbaginaceae family, commonly known as thrift, sea thrift, or sea pink. This highly salinity-tolerant structural plant is native to maritime coasts across the Northern Hemisphere, forming compact grass-like tufts with erect stems bearing pink, white, or purple globose inflorescences, widely used as a border and rock garden ornamental.
• Arthropodium — A genus of perennial herbaceous plants in the family Asparagaceae (subfamily Lomandroideae), native primarily to the Southern Hemisphere, particularly Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia, and Madagascar. These plants are structurally characterized by tuberous roots or short rhizomes, linear leaves, and delicate flowers arranged in panicle inflorescences, featuring stamen filaments covered with fine hairs, from which its etymological name derives.
• Aster — A common name for herbaceous plants in the Asteraceae family, characterized by flower heads with radiate marginal florets resembling stars; broadly, it includes various ornamental or wild species prized for their decorative blooming from late summer through autumn.