#periodontitis

• Alveolisis — A destructive pathological process consisting of the gradual resorption, atrophy, or destruction of the bony tissue of the alveolar process that supports the teeth in the jaws. This structural osteolytic phenomenon frequently occurs as an advanced complication of periodontal disease (periodontitis) or due to repeated occlusal trauma, leading to progressive tooth mobility and, ultimately, to the loss of the affected tooth.
• Alveoloclasia — A destructive pathological process characterized by the active resorption, dissolution, or fracturing of the bony tissue of the alveolar process under the direct action of osteoclast cells. This severe osteolytic phenomenon, structurally correlated with advanced stages of chronic marginal periodontal diseases, causes the loss of the tooth's rigid support, leading to progressive tooth mobility and the subsequent loss of the affected teeth.
• Apical periodontitis — An acute or chronic inflammatory process localized at the level of the apex (tip) of a tooth root and the surrounding periapical tissues, usually caused by an untreated bacterial infection of the dental pulp (pulp necrosis). It manifests clinically through sharp pain during mastication or axial percussion.