#symptom

• At random / Incoherently — A Latin phrase literally translated as 'from this one and from that one' or 'about this and about that'. In clinical psychology, neurology, and psychiatry, it describes a chaotic, incoherent speech with no logical connection between ideas, typical of patients experiencing delirium episodes, dementia, acute mental confusion, or severe intoxication with psychoactive substances.
• Abulia — A severe mental disorder or neurological symptom characterized by the total absence or pathological diminution of willpower, initiative, and decision-making power. The affected individual retains awareness of necessary actions and possesses intact intellectual or motor functions, yet remains biologically and psychically unable to generate the internal impulse indispensable for initiating and sustaining a voluntary act, a manifestation frequently associated with frontal lobe lesions, schizophrenia, or major depression.
• Acroparesthesia — A subjective sensory disorder, episodic or permanent, manifested by abnormal sensations of numbness, tingling, prickling, or burning localized exclusively in the distal extremities of the body (hands and feet). This structural neurological phenomenon reflects irritation or compression of peripheral nerve fibers, serving as a cardinal symptom in carpal tunnel syndrome, metabolic peripheral neuropathies (such as diabetic neuropathy), or functional vasomotor disorders.
• Aquaphobia — A pathological, irrational, and persistent fear of water or contact with it, manifested even in situations devoid of actual danger. This structural anxiety disorder can be triggered by the presence of large bodies of water (lakes, seas) or simple daily activities, such as bathing or showering, generating panic attacks and severe avoidance behaviors.
• Adenalgia — Pain localized within a gland or a lymph node, occurring independently or as a secondary symptom within inflammatory, infectious, or tumor processes. This clinical phenomenon manifests through heightened sensitivity to palpation and persistent structural discomfort, requiring clinical investigations to determine the exact etiology of the nodal involvement.
• Adenodynia — A painful sensation localized within a gland or a lymph node, occurring as a result of an acute inflammatory process, vascular congestion, or a structural distension of the organ's capsule. This clinical symptom is equivalent to adenalgia and is frequently encountered in infectious lymphadenitis, mediated by the sensitivity of regional nerve receptors to palpation.
• Adenophthalmia — An inflammatory ocular condition characterized by the swelling, congestion, and irritation of the Meibomian glands or other adnexal glands of the eye (such as lacrimal glands), often accompanied by conjunctival involvement. This structural pathological phenomenon causes local discomfort, altered tear secretion, and a foreign body sensation, requiring antiseptic treatment and rigorous ocular hygiene.
• Adenoidism — A constitutional pathological state, encountered especially in children, caused by the chronic hypertrophy of adenoid vegetations. This structural phenomenon disrupts normal development and manifests through a complex clinical picture: permanent mouth breathing, characteristic facial appearance (adenoid facies), sleep disturbances, hearing loss, and an increased predisposition to respiratory infections.
• Adynamia — A state of extreme muscular weakness, profound physical exhaustion, and a severe decrease or complete loss of the body's motor strength; this structural and functional condition is encountered as a major symptom in grave infectious diseases, endocrine disorders (such as Addison's disease), shock states, or advanced malnutrition. It differs from ordinary fatigue by the actual physical inability to perform even elementary movements.
• Adiposuria — The pathological presence or elimination of fat droplets or lipid substances in the urine, occurring as a result of severe metabolic disorders, degenerative kidney lesions, or fat embolisms. This urinary structural phenomenon alters the macroscopic appearance of the fluid, requiring laboratory microscopic and biochemical analyses to identify the underlying cause of the deficient filtration within the renal glomeruli.
• Aeroacrophobia — A specific anxiety disorder manifested by a pathological, extreme, and irrational fear of open spaces located at high altitudes, often combined with the fear of flying or falling. This compound phobia blends elements of acrophobia (fear of heights) and aerophobia (fear of air/flying), generating intense panic attacks and severe avoidance behaviors.
• Aerophobia — A pathological, intense, and irrational fear of air drafts, fresh air, or flying. In psychiatry, it is classified as a specific anxiety disorder; in neurology and infectious diseases, it represents a severe clinical symptom found in the terminal stage of rabies, where an air draft triggers painful muscle spasms.
• Aphagia — A severe medical condition defined by the total inability or absolute powerlessness to swallow saliva, liquids, or food, representing the most extreme and dangerous form of dysphagia. This pathology can occur following a stroke, severe neuromuscular disorders, tumoral esophageal obstructions, or the presence of a foreign body, requiring urgent medical attention to prevent aspiration pneumonia or malnutrition.
• Akinesia — The total absence, loss, or pathological inability to execute voluntary muscular movements, while basic muscular strength is otherwise preserved; it is a severe clinical symptom structurally caused by major neurological dysfunctions within the basal ganglia, extrapyramidal pathways, or motor cortex. This phenomenon is characteristically found in advanced stages of Parkinson's disease, parkinsonian syndromes, catatonic states, or as a result of severe brain injuries, frequently manifesting in close association with muscular rigidity and bradykinesia.
• Algoparesthesia — A complex neurological symptom characterized by the simultaneous association of a paresthesia (abnormal sensations such as numbness, tingling, or burning) with a distinct and persistent localized pain sensation. This clinical manifestation occurs due to injury, irritation, or compression of peripheral nerve fibers.
• Amaurotic — Pertaining to or affected with amaurosis; characterized by total or partial loss of vision without apparent external structural lesions of the eye, caused by disorders of the retina, optic nerve, or brain. Clinically, it describes symptoms or degenerative states linked to neurological blindness.
• Dizziness — An unpleasant sensation of unsteadiness, bodily instability, or the surrounding space spinning, frequently associated with vertigo, lightheadedness, or syncope. This structural symptom can be triggered by inner ear disorders, blood pressure fluctuations, febrile states, severe dehydration, anemia, chronic fatigue, hormonal shifts (such as during pregnancy or menopause), or psychological factors like panic attacks and severe anxiety.
• Numbness — A transient pathological or physiological state characterized by the partial or total loss of tactile sensitivity and voluntary mobility in a specific region of the body, often associated with tingling or prickling sensations. This phenomenon shares characteristics with paresthesia and occurs due to mechanical compression of peripheral nerves, poor blood circulation, or as a symptom of neurological disorders.
• Anadipsia — An intense, excessive, and pathological sensation of thirst, structurally manifested by an urgent and continuous need to consume liquids; it represents an acute or extreme form of polydipsia clinically encountered in severe febrile states, massive dehydration, decompensated diabetes mellitus, or after the ingestion of highly osmotic substances. This symptom indicates a profound hydro-electrolytic imbalance in the body, triggered by the stimulation of osmoreceptor centers in the hypothalamus.
• Anaplasmosis — An infectious, non-contagious disease caused by gram-negative bacteria of the genus Anaplasma, primarily transmitted through tick bites (especially Ixodes). The condition affects both animals (notably ruminants and dogs) and humans (human granulocytic anaplasmosis). Clinically, it manifests structurally at the blood cell level (where the bacteria parasitize leukocytes or erythrocytes), causing high fever, chills, severe anemia, muscle aches, headache, and leukopenia.