#thermal protection

• Ablation — A non-medical process of removal, reduction, or melting of material from the surface of a solid body through mechanical, thermal, or climatic actions. In glaciology, it represents the total loss of ice or snow from a glacier through melting, evaporation, or sublimation; in astronomy and aeronautics, it denotes the erosion of the protective layer of a meteorite or spacecraft entering the atmosphere due to intense thermal friction.
• Antifreeze — A special liquid (usually composed of ethylene glycol or propylene glycol) added to the water in cooling systems of internal combustion engines or heating installations, aiming to lower the freezing point of the mixture and prevent pipe damage; a concentrated coolant.
• Anti-icing — A system, device, or technical method utilized to prevent the formation and accretion of ice (icing) on the surfaces of an aircraft or industrial installations exposed to low temperatures. Unlike de-icing, which removes already formed ice, anti-icing operates proactively through thermal, pneumatic, or fluid methods.