#anemia

• Aglobulia — A marked decrease or total absence of red blood cells (erythrocytes) in the blood, representing a severe and critical form of structural anemia. This hematological condition severely disrupts the blood's capacity to transport oxygen to biological tissues and is often caused by a severe dysfunction of the hematopoietic bone marrow.
• Alloxanemia — A pathological state or biochemical anomaly characterized by the presence or accumulation of alloxan in the blood. This structural clinical phenomenon is correlated with severe disruptions of uric acid metabolism or the experimental induction of diabetes, indicating the risk of selective destruction of pancreatic beta cells in the islets of Langerhans due to systemic oxidative stress.
• Amylophagy — An eating disorder included in the broader category of Pica syndrome, characterized by the pathological craving and compulsive consumption of pure starch (such as cornstarch, potato starch, or laundry starch). This structural manifestation frequently occurs due to severe nutritional deficiencies, such as iron-deficiency anemia, or during certain gestational periods.
• Hookworm — A parasitic nematode worm of the genus Ancylostoma, small in size, with a dorsally curved anterior end and a well-developed buccal capsule equipped with chitinous hooks or teeth. Attaching itself to the mucosa of the duodenum or small intestine in humans and certain animals, this hematophagous organism causes tissue lesions, local microscopic hemorrhages, and severe states of anemia.
• Ankylostomiasis — A parasitic disease caused by the presence of nematode worms of the genus Ancylostoma in the small intestine. This condition manifests through severe gastrointestinal disturbances, digestive mucosal lesions, chronic microscopic bleeding, and a marked iron-deficiency anemia due to the hematophagous nature of the parasite.
• Anemia — The definite articulated form of the feminine noun 'anemie', designating a hematological condition characterized by a decrease in the number of erythrocytes (red blood cells) or the hemoglobin concentration below normal values. This pathological process disrupts structural oxygen transport.
• Anemia mandioccana — A species of perennial fern in the genus Anemia, family Anemiaceae, endemic to the humid tropical forests of Brazil (notably the Atlantic Forest biome). This structural botanical entity is characterized by short, creeping rhizomes, pinnately compound sterile fronds with rigid ovate segments, and an erect fertile axis branched at the base elevating the sporangia-bearing panicles.
• Anemia phyllitidis — A species of perennial fern in the family Anemiaceae, native to the tropical regions of Central and South America. This botanical entity is structurally distinguished by its pinnately compound sterile fronds, whose segments resemble those of the genus Phyllitis, and by the presence of two elongated, erect fertile segments modified exclusively for spore production and dispersal.
• Anemia tomentosa — A species of perennial fern in the family Anemiaceae, native to the dry tropical and subtropical regions of South America and parts of the West Indies. This plant is structurally characterized by a dense indumentum of long, reddish or brown hairs (tomentum) covering the rhizome and fronds, acting as an effective protective barrier against dehydration in its rocky, arid habitats.
• Inducement of anemia — The action of causing anemia or the process of becoming anemic; a pathophysiological process whereby the organism or a tissue undergoes a decrease in red blood cells or hemoglobin concentration. This phenomenon structurally alters oxygen transport to cells, leading to clinical weakness.
• Anemic — Suffering from anemia; pale, weakened, or lacking physical vigor due to a structural deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin in the blood. Figuratively, it describes a work, style, or manifestation lacking force, consistency, or structural intensity.
• Anemia — A pathological condition characterized by a decrease in the number of erythrocytes (red blood cells) or the concentration of hemoglobin in the blood below the normal age- and sex-adjusted values. This pathophysiological process disrupts the structural transport of oxygen to tissues, manifesting clinically as pallor, chronic fatigue, muscle weakness, and dizziness.
• Inducement of anemia — The action of causing anemia or the process of becoming anemic; a progressive pathophysiological process whereby the organism or a tissue undergoes a decrease in red blood cells or hemoglobin concentration. This phenomenon structurally alters oxygen transport to cells.
• Induced ischemia — The act or process of inducing localized anemia or temporary ischemia; the controlled reduction or cessation of blood supply to a specific organ, tissue, or anatomical region during a surgical procedure. This structural technique is used to minimize bleeding in the operative field or to shrink a vascular structure.
• Anerythropoiesis — A severe pathological condition characterized by the complete cessation or profound structural failure of the erythropoiesis process (the production and maturation of red blood cells in the bone marrow). This clinical phenomenon halts erythrocyte renewal, leading rapidly to deep or acute aplastic anemia, and is triggered by viral infections (such as parvovirus B19), exposure to myelotoxic agents, or within rare genetic syndromes.
• Anisocytosis — A pathological condition characterized by the presence in the blood of cells (especially red blood cells or erythrocytes) of abnormally unequal and varied sizes; anisocytosis. Frequently identified via a peripheral blood smear examination and quantified by the RDW (red cell distribution width) parameter, it serves as a critical clinical indicator for the differential diagnosis of various types of anemia, iron deficiencies, or bone marrow disorders.
• Annulocyte — A pathological red blood cell (erythrocyte) with a ring-like appearance, characterized by an extremely pronounced central pallor and a reduced concentration of hemoglobin restricted to the periphery of the cell membrane; it serves as a specific diagnostic indicator for severe iron-deficiency anemias or thalassemias.
• Aplastic — Suffering from aplasia or characterized by the absence of normal development, formation, or regeneration of a tissue, organ, or cellular system. In hematology, the term describes the pathological state of the bone marrow unable to produce formed blood elements, leading to severe structural dysfunctions throughout the body.
• Autoagglutination — A spontaneous biological or immunological phenomenon in which blood cells (especially erythrocytes or platelets) in a sample cluster and clump together on their own, as a result of the direct reaction between membrane antigens and specific autoantibodies present in their own serum, without the addition of an external reagent; a clinical test relevant for diagnosing autoimmune hemolytic anemias.
• Autohemolysis — A pathological biological process consisting of the spontaneous and premature destruction of red blood cells (erythrocytes) within the blood due to the action of the organism's own serum or autoantibodies; a clinical laboratory test used to diagnose congenital or acquired hemolytic anemias.